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A question is followed by two statements (I) and (II). Who is the youngest among P, Q, R, S, and T? I: P is older than Q and R. T is younger than S. II: R is older than T but younger than Q.
Data in I alone is sufficient
Data in II alone is sufficient
Data in both I and II together are necessary
Data in neither I nor II are sufficient
Data in both I and II together are necessary
Always check for the presence of all five variables in the combined statements. If a statement missing one or more variables is combined with another, check if the gaps link up to include everyone.
Always check for the presence of all five variables in the combined statements. If a statement missing one or more variables is combined with another, check if the gaps link up to include everyone.
Analyze Statement I
Statement I says P > Q, P > R, and S > T. This gives us two separate chains: (P > Q > R) and (S > T). We cannot determine the position of T relative to P, Q, or R. Thus, I alone is insufficient.
Analyze Statement II
Statement II says Q > R > T. This relates Q, R, and T but says nothing about P or S. Thus, II alone is insufficient.
Combine Statements I and II
From I, we know P > Q and S > T. From II, we know Q > R > T. Linking these: P > Q > R > T and S > T. We have P > Q > R > T and S > T. Both P and S are older than the chain containing T. However, we do not know the exact relationship between P and S. Despite this, we know for certain that T is younger than P, Q, R, and S. Therefore, T is the youngest.
A: Statement I fails to relate T to P, Q, or R. B: Statement II does not mention P or S at all. D: Combining I and II provides enough evidence to isolate T as the youngest person.
C is correct because combining both statements allows us to establish the sequence P > Q > R > T and S > T, confirming T is the youngest regardless of the relative age between P and S.
In ranking-based Data Sufficiency, if the question asks for the 'extreme' value (youngest/oldest), verify if all elements are constrained relative to the specific target element.
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