General ScienceChemistry: Structure of Atom

According to Bohr's atomic model, electrons revolve around the nucleus in specific paths called:

Orbits or shells

Nucleons

Energy packets

Cloud zones

Correct Answer

🔬 SC • Science Concept & PrincipleGeneral ScienceChemistry: Structure of Atom

Option A

Orbits or shells

Quick Summary:

According to the Bohr atomic model, electrons revolve around the nucleus in stable, discrete circular paths known as orbits or shells. These orbits represent specific energy levels, designated by the principal quantum number $n = 1, 2, 3, \dots$ .

🔬SCScience SolutionConcept & Principle

💡 Explanation

💡 Everyday Analogy (Real-World Intuition)

Think of these orbits like the rungs of a ladder; you can stand on one rung or another, but you cannot hover in the empty space between them.

🧠 Memory Mnemonic / Shortcut Aid

KLMN shells: 'Keep Loving MyNucleus' (representing shell indices $n=1, 2, 3, 4$ ).

🔢 Key Formulas

$L = \frac{nh}{2\pi}$ — Quantization condition for angular momentum

$\Delta E = h\nu$ — Energy of a photon emitted during an electronic transition

⚙️ Working Principle

Bohr proposed that electrons move in orbits where their angular momentum is quantized as $L = mvr = \frac{nh}{2\pi}$ . While in these permitted orbits, an electron does not radiate energy, maintaining a stationary state. Energy is only emitted or absorbed when an electron jumps between these shells, following the relation $\Delta E = E_2 - E_1 = h\nu$ .

📌 Key Points

▸
Electrons revolve only in 'stationary orbits' where they do not lose energy.
▸
The energy of an orbit increases as the distance from the nucleus increases.
▸
These shells are often denoted as K, L, M, N... starting from the innermost shell ( $n=1$ ).

✅ Advantages

▸
Explained the stability of the atom.
▸
Correctly explained the line spectrum of the hydrogen atom.

❌ Disadvantages / Limitations

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Failed to explain the spectra of multi-electron atoms.
▸
Violates the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle as it assumes a definite path for the electron.

🛠️ Applications / Uses

▸
Foundation for understanding atomic emission spectroscopy.
▸
Basis for modern electron configuration models.

📄 Additional Information

▸
The energy of the $n$ -th shell is proportional to $-\frac{1}{n^2}$ .
▸
Option B refers to protons and neutrons, Option C refers to energy quanta (photons), and Option D describes the Quantum Mechanical model (orbitals).

📊 Diagram / Illustration

✅

A is correct — Bohr's model defines these paths as stationary orbits or shells with fixed energy.

Core Concepts Used

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Quantization of angular momentum Stationary energy states Electronic transitions

💡 EXAM TIP

In exams, remember that 'Orbits' (Bohr) are circular paths, whereas 'Orbitals' (Quantum Model) are 3D regions of space where probability is highest.

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