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According to Mendel, which trait appeared in F1 progeny on crossing tall pea plants with short pea plants?
Tall
Short
Dwarf
Medium
Tall
In Mendel's experiments on pea plants, when a pure-bred tall plant (genotype TT) was crossed with a pure-bred short (dwarf) plant (genotype tt), the resulting F1 generation progeny were all tall. This occurs because the allele for tallness (T) is dominant over the allele for shortness (t), expressing itself even in the heterozygous state (Tt).
In Mendel's experiments on pea plants, when a pure-bred tall plant (genotype TT) was crossed with a pure-bred short (dwarf) plant (genotype tt), the resulting F1 generation progeny were all tall. This occurs because the allele for tallness (T) is dominant over the allele for shortness (t), expressing itself even in the heterozygous state (Tt).
Think of the dominant trait as a loud speaker in a room and the recessive trait as a whisper; even if both are present, you only hear the loud speaker (the dominant trait).
DOM: Dominant Overpowers Masked (recessive).
P+PтЖТF1тАЛ
T>t тАФ Dominant allele T masks recessive allele t
The principle of dominance states that in a heterozygote, one allele masks the presence of the other for the same characteristic. The genotype of the F1 progeny is Tt, where T (tall) is phenotypically visible and t (short) remains masked. Mendel observed that the recessive trait does not disappear but remains hidden, only to reappear in the FтВВ generation.
The Law of Dominance explains why only one trait appears in F1.
F1 generation is heterozygous (Tt).
Recessive traits (short) reappear in the F2 generation with a ratio of 3:1.
Genotype is the genetic makeup; Phenotype is the physical expression.
Explains the mechanism of hereditary transmission.
Predicts future generation traits.
Does not account for codominance or incomplete dominance.
Does not explain polygenic inheritance.
Selective breeding in agriculture.
Genetic counseling.
Mendel used Pisum sativum (garden pea) for his experiments.
Option B (Short) and Option C (Dwarf) refer to the recessive trait which is suppressed in F1.
Option D (Medium) describes incomplete dominance, which does not occur here.
A is correct тАФ According to Mendel's Law of Dominance, the tall trait is dominant and masks the short (dwarf) trait in the F1 generation progeny.
Remember: F1 generation always shows the DOMINANT trait, while the RECESSIVE trait is seen in F2 (where the genotype ratio becomes 1:2:1 and phenotype ratio 3:1).
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