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At which session of the Indian National Congress did the party formally split into the Moderates and the Extremists?
Delhi session 1912
Calcutta session 1906
Bombay session 1910
Surat session 1907
Surat session 1907
The Indian National Congress split into two factions, the Moderates and the Extremists, during the 1907 session held at Surat. This division, known as the 'Surat Split', was caused by deep disagreements over the goal of the Swaraj movement and the methods to achieve it.
The Indian National Congress split into two factions, the Moderates and the Extremists, during the 1907 session held at Surat. This division, known as the 'Surat Split', was caused by deep disagreements over the goal of the Swaraj movement and the methods to achieve it.
The Surat Split occurred during the presidency of Rash Behari Ghosh, marking a period of internal ideological transition in the INC before the Lucknow Pact of 1916.
The session was presided over by Rash Behari Ghosh.
Moderates advocated for constitutional reforms, while Extremists (Lal-Bal-Pal) demanded complete Swaraj through mass agitation.
The session was suspended following violent clashes between the two factions.
The reunification of the two factions finally took place at the 1916 Lucknow session presided over by Ambica Charan Majumdar.
Option B (Calcutta 1906) was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji, where the goal of 'Swaraj' was first officially mentioned, temporarily averting a split.
The split weakened the Congress for nearly a decade, allowing the British administration to implement a 'divide and rule' approach effectively.
D is correct тАФ The Surat session of 1907 witnessed the formal split between the Moderates and the Extremists within the Indian National Congress.
Always correlate the 1907 Surat Split with the 1916 Lucknow Pact; the former marks the divergence of nationalist thought, while the latter marks the brief unity between Congress factions and the Indian National Congress-Muslim League alliance.