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Examoogle • User • info@examoogle.com • EE-2024-8821
Chapter 1 of 12 • Page 1 of 248🔒 Protected PDF • Watermarked
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Cable carrying AC has
Leakage losses only
Hysteresis loss only
Hysteresis and leakage losses
Hysteresis, leakage and friction losses
Hysteresis and leakage losses
Cables carrying AC experience power losses primarily due to the dielectric behavior of the insulation and the alternating nature of the electric field. These losses manifest as dielectric hysteresis (in the insulation material) and leakage current (due to finite insulation resistance).
Cables carrying AC experience power losses primarily due to the dielectric behavior of the insulation and the alternating nature of the electric field. These losses manifest as dielectric hysteresis (in the insulation material) and leakage current (due to finite insulation resistance).
Ploss=V2⋅ω⋅C⋅tan(δ) — Total dielectric loss in cable insulation
IL=RinsV — Leakage current through insulation resistance
When an AC voltage is applied, the insulation acts as a capacitor. The dielectric material undergoes cyclic polarization, leading to molecular friction known as dielectric hysteresis loss. Simultaneously, due to the non-ideal nature of the insulation, a small leakage current flows through the dielectric, causing I²ᴿ resistive power loss known as leakage loss.
Dielectric loss is proportional to the square of the applied voltage (V2)
The loss tangent tan(δ) represents the dissipation factor of the insulating material
Friction losses mentioned in option D are mechanical in nature and not applicable to static electrical cables
Leakage losses are caused by the finite volume resistivity of the cable dielectric
Underground cables are protected from environmental hazards
Lower maintenance compared to overhead lines
Higher initial cost due to insulation and charging current requirements
Limited capacity for fault location and repair
Urban power distribution
Submarine power transmission
Option B is incorrect because leakage current is always present in non-ideal dielectrics.
Option D is incorrect as friction loss is a mechanical parameter, not an electrical power loss in stationary cables.
The charging current (Ic=V⋅ωC) is distinct from leakage current (IL).
C is correct — Cables carrying AC suffer from both dielectric hysteresis loss in the insulation and leakage loss caused by finite insulation resistance.
Always distinguish between 'Charging Current' (capacitive, reactive) and 'Leakage Current' (resistive, real power loss) when analyzing cable performance.