Cadastral survey is classification of ____

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Option B: Based on object of survey

Explanation & Concepts:
Cadastral surveying is a specialized branch of land surveying that defines and records the boundaries, ownership, and extent of land parcels. It is classified based on the 'object' or purpose of the survey, which is to create legal maps for revenue, taxation, and administrative purposes.

Working Principle: The principle involves establishing precise boundary markers and creating a 'Cadastral Map' (or 'Cadastral Plan'). This process typically uses legal descriptions and field measurements to define the spatial extents of ownership, ensuring that the state has an accurate record for land administration, property taxation, and dispute resolution.

Key Formulas: $Area = \sum 	ext{Coordinates (Coordinates geometry)}$ — Used to calculate parcel size in cadastral systems.; $S = \frac{n-2}{n} 	imes 180^{\circ}$ — Basic traverse closure check in land surveying.

Key Points: Cadastral surveys are legally mandated by the government for revenue and tax purposes.; They focus on 'boundary' rather than 'topography'.; Also known as 'Public Land Survey System' (PLSS) in some countries.; The resulting document is called a Cadastral Map or Record of Rights (ROR).

Advantages: Provides a secure legal basis for land ownership.; Essential for efficient land taxation and revenue collection.

Disadvantages: Requires high precision and frequent updates.; Labor-intensive and legally complex to resolve disputes.

Applications: Land Revenue Records; Real Estate Boundary Disputes; Urban Planning and Zoning

Additional Info: Other classifications based on object include Topographical (for natural features), Engineering (for infrastructure), and Military surveys.. Option A is incorrect as instrument-based classifications are labeled as Chain, Compass, Plane Table, or Theodolite surveying.

Answer: B is correct — Cadastral survey is classified based on the object of the survey, which specifically serves legal, administrative, and taxation purposes related to property boundaries.

Exam Tip: Always distinguish between 'instrument-based' (e.g., Theodolite surveying) and 'object-based' (e.g., Cadastral or Engineering) classifications in surveying exams.

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Option A: Based on instrument used

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Option C: Based upon the nature of the field

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Option D: None of the above

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