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Carrier current equipment installed in substation is used for
Relaying
Communication
Supervisory control
All of above
All of above
Carrier current equipment, specifically Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC), uses the high-voltage transmission lines themselves as the medium to transmit information signals between substations. This equipment serves multiple functions including voice communication, telemetering, tele-protection (relaying), and remote supervisory control.
Carrier current equipment, specifically Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC), uses the high-voltage transmission lines themselves as the medium to transmit information signals between substations. This equipment serves multiple functions including voice communication, telemetering, tele-protection (relaying), and remote supervisory control.
fcтАЛтЙлfpтАЛ тАФ where fcтАЛ is carrier frequency and fpтАЛ is power frequency (50Hz).
The equipment works by superimposing a high-frequency carrier signal (typically in the range of 30 kHz to 500 kHz) onto the high-voltage power frequency (50 Hz) conductors. Coupling capacitors and line traps (wave traps) are used to isolate the carrier equipment from the power frequency and prevent the carrier signal from entering the substation bus-bars.
Uses transmission lines as communication channels.
Eliminates the need for separate communication cables between substations.
Essential for distance relaying protection schemes.
Requires Line Traps to block carrier signals from substation bus-bars.
No requirement for external communication infrastructure.
Highly reliable for protection signaling.
Lower cost compared to installing dedicated fiber optics for long distances.
Vulnerable to transmission line faults.
Noise interference from corona discharge and switching surges.
Signal attenuation over long distances.
Distance protection relaying
Voice frequency communication
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
Remote load control
Line Traps are essentially high-pass filters designed to allow 50 Hz power to pass while blocking the high-frequency carrier signal.
Coupling capacitors are used to inject the carrier signal safely onto the high-voltage lines.
D is correct тАФ Carrier current equipment in substations is a multifunctional system used for relaying protection, voice communication, and supervisory control over power lines.
In competitive exams, remember that PLCC is classified under tele-protection; whenever relaying, communication, and SCADA are options, 'All of above' is the most probable answer in the context of substation utilities.