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Difference of operating value and setting value of relay is called
Burden
Error
Flag
None of above
Error
Quick Summary: In relay technology, the 'Error' is defined as the mathematical difference between the relay's operating value (the actual physical value at which the relay trips) and the relay's setting value (the threshold value at which the relay is intended to trip). This deviation represents the deviation from the ideal pickup current or voltage setting due to internal components or calibration limits.
In relay technology, the 'Error' is defined as the mathematical difference between the relay's operating value (the actual physical value at which the relay trips) and the relay's setting value (the threshold value at which the relay is intended to trip). This deviation represents the deviation from the ideal pickup current or voltage setting due to internal components or calibration limits.
E=Vop−Vset — where E is the relay error, Vop is the operating value, and Vset is the setting value.
Relays operate based on electromagnetic or static comparison logic. The setting value is determined by mechanical spring tension or electronic threshold levels, while the operating value is the actual stimulus required for contact closure. Differences occur due to friction in mechanical relays, temperature drift, or non-linearities in CT/PT sensors.
Error indicates the sensitivity and accuracy of a protection relay.
A lower error value indicates higher precision in protection schemes.
Calibration procedures are performed to minimize this error difference.
Provides a metric for relay calibration quality.
Helps in predicting the sensitivity of the protection system.
High errors can lead to nuisance tripping or failure to trip.
Error changes with temperature and aging of the relay components.
Routine testing of electromechanical and numerical relays.
Fault analysis in power system protection studies.
Burden refers to the power consumed by the relay circuit (usually in VA).
Flag is a mechanical indicator used to show that a relay has operated.
Error is the specific term for the performance deviation mentioned in the question.
B is correct — The difference between the actual operating value and the calibrated setting value of a relay is technically termed as the 'Error'.
In relay protection exams, always distinguish between 'Burden' (VA load on CT/PT) and 'Error' (Deviation in performance) as they are common high-frequency distractors.