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Ferranti effect can be reduced by which of the following method?
Shunt Reactor
Series Reactor
Shunt Capacitor
Series Capacitor
Shunt Reactor
The Ferranti effect is a phenomenon where the receiving-end voltage of an unloaded or lightly loaded transmission line becomes higher than the sending-end voltage. Shunt reactors are connected in parallel with the line to absorb the excess reactive power (VAr) generated by the line capacitance, thereby controlling the voltage rise.
The Ferranti effect is a phenomenon where the receiving-end voltage of an unloaded or lightly loaded transmission line becomes higher than the sending-end voltage. Shunt reactors are connected in parallel with the line to absorb the excess reactive power (VAr) generated by the line capacitance, thereby controlling the voltage rise.
IchargeтАЛ=j╧ЙCVlineтАЛ тАФ Charging current due to line capacitance
VsтАЛVrтАЛтАЛтЙИsec(╬▓l) тАФ Ratio showing receiving end voltage rise in long lines
In long transmission lines, the shunt capacitance (C) causes a leading charging current (IcтАЛ) to flow even at no-load conditions. This leading current, flowing through the line's series inductance (L), creates a voltage drop that results in a voltage rise at the receiving end. By placing a shunt reactor (inductor LshтАЛ) at the receiving end, it draws a lagging current that compensates for the leading charging current, neutralizing the Ferranti effect.
Ferranti effect is most prominent in long transmission lines (>200 km).
It is primarily observed during light load or no-load conditions.
Shunt reactors provide compensation by consuming reactive power.
The effect is caused by the capacitance of the transmission line acting as a source of reactive power.
Prevents insulation breakdown due to overvoltage.
Improves voltage regulation of the system.
Helps in maintaining stability of the transmission grid.
Additional installation and maintenance cost.
Consumes some real power due to reactor losses.
Adds complexity to the substation protection system.
Extra High Voltage (EHV) and Ultra High Voltage (UHV) transmission lines.
Underground cable systems with high inherent capacitance.
Series reactors are typically used for fault current limiting, not for Ferranti effect control.
Shunt capacitors are used for power factor correction in lagging load conditions, which would worsen the Ferranti effect.
Series capacitors are used to improve steady-state stability and power transfer capacity, not to reduce voltage rise at no load.
A is correct тАФ Shunt reactors are used to absorb the leading reactive power generated by the transmission line capacitance, thereby neutralizing the voltage rise characteristic of the Ferranti effect.
Always remember: Shunt Inductors for capacitive effects (overvoltage/Ferranti), and Shunt Capacitors for inductive effects (undervoltage/low power factor).