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How is municipal solid waste classified on the basis of its source?
House refuse, street refuse and trade refuse
Residential refuse and non-residential refuse
Industrial waste and non-industrial waste
Residential waste and industrial waste
House refuse, street refuse and trade refuse
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is classified based on its origin to facilitate effective segregation, collection, and disposal. The primary classification includes house refuse (domestic waste), street refuse (sweepings and litter), and trade refuse (market and commercial waste).
CPHEEO Manual on Solid Waste Management
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is classified based on its origin to facilitate effective segregation, collection, and disposal. The primary classification includes house refuse (domestic waste), street refuse (sweepings and litter), and trade refuse (market and commercial waste).
Total┬аMSW=House┬аRefuse+Street┬аRefuse+Trade┬аRefuse+тАж
The classification mechanism relies on identifying the point of generation. House refuse is generated from daily household activities, street refuse is collected from public spaces and roads, while trade refuse is generated from commercial establishments and markets. This source-based differentiation allows municipal authorities to design specific collection schedules and select appropriate treatment technologies like composting or incineration.
House refuse includes organic food waste, plastics, and paper from households.
Street refuse contains dust, leaves, and litter collected from public cleaning activities.
Trade refuse consists of waste produced by shops, offices, and commercial establishments.
Effective source segregation is the first step in the waste management hierarchy.
Facilitates efficient waste collection logistics
Enables targeted treatment strategies based on waste composition
Improves recovery of recyclable materials at the source
High cost of segregated collection systems
Requires public awareness and compliance at the point of origin
Solid waste management planning in urban bodies
Design of landfill sites and waste-to-energy plants
Option B, C, and D are broader categorizations that do not fully encompass the specific municipal source-based framework defined in standard environmental engineering textbooks.
Classification may also include institutional waste and market waste, which are often grouped under trade refuse.
A is correct тАФ Municipal solid waste is systematically classified into house refuse, street refuse, and trade refuse to organize urban sanitation services.
In competitive exams like GATE or IES, always prioritize the specific classification terminology used in the CPHEEO manual over general textbook definitions.
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