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How many methods of plane table surveying are there?
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There are four primary methods of plane table surveying used to locate a point on the drawing sheet: Radiation, Intersection, Traversing, and Resection. These methods are chosen based on the site conditions, accuracy requirements, and the visibility between stations.
There are four primary methods of plane table surveying used to locate a point on the drawing sheet: Radiation, Intersection, Traversing, and Resection. These methods are chosen based on the site conditions, accuracy requirements, and the visibility between stations.
S=dD — where S is scale, D is ground distance, and d is map distance
The principle of plane table surveying is parallelism, where rays drawn from the station to the objects on the ground are parallel to the lines joining the corresponding points on the paper. In Radiation, objects are located by drawing radial lines from a single station. In Intersection, points are located by drawing lines from two different stations. In Traversing, the table is moved from station to station to map a series of connected points. Resection involves locating the station point itself by sighting known points.
Radiation is most suitable for small areas where all points are visible from a single station.
Intersection is ideal for mountainous terrain or when points are inaccessible.
Traversing is used when the area is large and points cannot be observed from one station.
Resection is a method used to establish the instrument station based on previously plotted points.
Rapid method of map making
Suitable for small to medium scale mapping
Direct observation of objects reduces errors
Field work and plotting are done simultaneously
Not suitable for precise measurements
Highly dependent on weather conditions
Difficult to carry the heavy instrument
No permanent record of field measurements like a field book
Topographic mapping
Large scale civil engineering projects
Filling in details for triangulation surveys
The choice of method depends on the visibility and accessibility of stations.
Radiation and Intersection are primarily used for detailing, while Traversing is used for control points.
D is correct — There are four fundamental methods of plane table surveying: Radiation, Intersection, Traversing, and Resection.
Remember that Resection is the only method where the instrument's position is unknown, requiring at least two or three known control points (Two-point or Three-point problem).