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General SciencePhysics: Laws of Motion

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If a force of 50 N acts on a body of mass 10 kg, what is the acceleration produced?

5 m/s²

500 m/s²

0.2 m/s²

50 m/s²

Correct Answer

🔬 SC • Science Concept & PrincipleGeneral SciencePhysics: Laws of Motion

Option A

5 m/s²

Quick Summary:

The acceleration produced by a force on a body is determined by Newton's Second Law of Motion. Given a force $F = 50\text{ N}$ and a mass $m = 10\text{ kg}$ , the acceleration $a$ is calculated as the ratio of force to mass, resulting in $5\text{ m/s}^2$ .

🔬SCScience SolutionConcept & Principle

💡 Explanation

💡 Everyday Analogy (Real-World Intuition)

If you push a light empty cart ( $10\text{ kg}$ ) with a steady force ( $50\text{ N}$ ), it will gain speed much faster than a heavy, loaded cart because the same force produces higher acceleration on smaller masses.

🧠 Memory Mnemonic / Shortcut Aid

FMA (Father-Mother-Acceleration): $F = ma$

🔢 Key Formulas

$F = ma$ — Newton's Second Law of Motion

$a = \frac{F}{m}$ — Formula to calculate acceleration from force and mass

⚙️ Working Principle

Newton's Second Law states that the force acting on an object is equal to the product of its mass and acceleration ( $F = ma$ ). By rearranging this formula to solve for acceleration ( $a = \frac{F}{m}$ ), we can determine how much a body will accelerate under a given net external force. This principle applies in inertial frames of reference.

📌 Key Points

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Acceleration is directly proportional to the net force applied ( $a \propto F$ ).
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Acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of the body ( $a \propto \frac{1}{m}$ ).
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The SI unit of force is Newtons ( $N$ ), where $1\text{ N} = 1\text{ kg} \cdot \text{m/s}^2$ .

✅ Advantages

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Provides a simple mathematical relationship to predict the motion of objects.

❌ Disadvantages / Limitations

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Only applicable for objects moving at speeds much lower than the speed of light (classical mechanics).

🛠️ Applications / Uses

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Calculating the engine thrust required to accelerate a vehicle.
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Designing safety features like seatbelts based on deceleration forces.

📄 Additional Information

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Given: $F = 50\text{ N}$ , $m = 10\text{ kg}$ .
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Calculation: $a = \frac{50}{10} = 5\text{ m/s}^2$ .
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Wrong options: B implies $F \times m = 500$ , C implies $\frac{m}{F} = 0.2$ , and D implies $F = 50$ neglecting mass.

📊 Diagram / Illustration

✅

A is correct — The acceleration is calculated by dividing the force of $50\text{ N}$ by the mass of $10\text{ kg}$ , which equals $5\text{ m/s}^2$ .

Core Concepts Used

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Newton's Second Law Inertia Force and Acceleration

💡 EXAM TIP

Always check units before calculating; ensure mass is in kilograms and force in Newtons to get acceleration in standard SI units of $\text{m/s}^2$ .

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