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In a biological system, which specialized tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant?
Phloem
Xylem
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Xylem
Xylem is a complex permanent vascular tissue responsible for the upward conduction of water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant. It serves as the primary conduit in the plant's vascular system.
Xylem is a complex permanent vascular tissue responsible for the upward conduction of water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant. It serves as the primary conduit in the plant's vascular system.
Xylem functions like a drinking straw system that pulls liquid from the ground, where the sun provides the energy for the 'suction' through evaporation.
Xylem = X-UP (Xylem moves water UP; Phloem = Phood/Phloem moves food).
JwтАЛ=R╬Ф╧ИтАЛ тАФ where JwтАЛ is water flux and ╧И is water potential
╧ИwтАЛ=╧ИsтАЛ+╧ИpтАЛ тАФ total water potential equation
The upward transport of water in xylem occurs primarily through the transpiration pull mechanism and cohesion-tension theory. Water evaporates from the leaf surfaces (transpiration), creating a negative pressure (suction) that pulls the water column upward due to the cohesive and adhesive properties of water molecules.
Xylem consists of four elements: tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers.
Mature xylem cells (tracheids and vessels) are typically dead cells with lignified walls.
Xylem provides mechanical support to the plant in addition to transport.
Efficient long-distance transport
Provides structural rigidity via lignin
Requires high energy (sunlight) for transpiration
Susceptible to cavitation (air bubbles) in the water column
Nutrient transport in angiosperms and gymnosperms
Timber production for structural use
| Feature | Phloem | Xylem |
|---|---|---|
Substance transported | Organic food (sucrose) | Water and minerals |
The process of water movement through xylem is unidirectional (upward only).
Parenchyma is a simple tissue for food storage; Collenchyma provides flexible mechanical support.
B is correct тАФ Xylem acts as the specialized vascular tissue for the unidirectional transport of water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves.
Always remember that Xylem is for water (unidirectional) and Phloem is for food (bidirectional); this is a high-yield topic for RRB JE exams.
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