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In a long transmission line under no load condition
Receiving end voltage is less than sending end voltage
Sending end voltage is less than receiving end voltage
Sending end voltage is equal to receiving end voltage
None of above
Sending end voltage is less than receiving end voltage
In a long transmission line under no-load conditions, the receiving end voltage (VRтАЛ) is higher than the sending end voltage (VSтАЛ) due to the Ferranti effect. This phenomenon occurs because the line acts as a capacitor, drawing a leading charging current that creates a voltage rise across the line inductance.
In a long transmission line under no-load conditions, the receiving end voltage (VRтАЛ) is higher than the sending end voltage (VSтАЛ) due to the Ferranti effect. This phenomenon occurs because the line acts as a capacitor, drawing a leading charging current that creates a voltage rise across the line inductance.
VRтАЛ=cos(╬▓l)VSтАЛтАЛ тАФ simplified relationship for no-load long lines where ╬▓ is phase constant and l is length
ICтАЛ=j╧ЙCV
The shunt capacitance of a long transmission line causes a charging current to flow even when no load is connected. As this leading current flows through the series inductive reactance of the line, it results in a voltage drop that is in phase opposition to the sending end voltage, effectively causing the voltage to rise along the line length toward the receiving end.
Ferranti effect is primarily observed in long, lightly loaded, or unloaded transmission lines.
The effect is negligible in short and medium transmission lines due to lower shunt capacitance.
Capacitive charging current is the root cause of the voltage rise.
Voltage rise is proportional to the square of the line length.
Useful for voltage regulation in extremely long lines
Highlights the need for shunt compensation
Can lead to insulation stress
Requires shunt reactors for voltage control at no load
High Voltage Long Transmission Line analysis
Power system stability and voltage management
Ferranti effect occurs because the charging current leads the voltage by 90 degrees, and flowing through line inductance creates a phasor addition that results in a higher voltage at the receiving end.
Option A is incorrect because it describes the behavior under normal loading conditions (inductive load).
B is correct тАФ Due to the Ferranti effect, the receiving end voltage is higher than the sending end voltage in a long transmission line at no load.
Always remember that the Ferranti effect is more pronounced in underground cables compared to overhead lines due to higher shunt capacitance per unit length.