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In linear method of setting out curve, which of the following is not used?
Tape
Chain
Theodolite
Compass
Theodolite
Linear methods of setting out a curve rely exclusively on linear measurements like chaining and taping, such as offsets from the long chord, offsets from tangent, or the chord method. A theodolite is an angular measuring instrument used in angular methods (e.g., deflection angle method), making it distinct from purely linear techniques.
Linear methods of setting out a curve rely exclusively on linear measurements like chaining and taping, such as offsets from the long chord, offsets from tangent, or the chord method. A theodolite is an angular measuring instrument used in angular methods (e.g., deflection angle method), making it distinct from purely linear techniques.
Ox=R2−x2−(R−h) — Formula for perpendicular offsets from the long chord
Ox=2Rx2 — Formula for offsets from the tangent
In linear setting out, the position of points on a curve is determined by measuring lengths from established baselines (tangents or chords) using tapes or chains. No angular observation is required; hence, instruments that measure angles, such as the theodolite or compass, are classified under angular methods.
Linear methods are suitable for short, flat curves where high precision is not mandatory.
Angular methods are preferred for long, complex curves and high-accuracy engineering projects.
Theodolite is an optical instrument primarily designed for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.
Tape and chain are the fundamental tools for linear measurement (ranging and chaining).
Linear methods are simple to perform and require inexpensive equipment.
No complex calculations involving trigonometric functions are needed in the field.
Linear methods suffer from cumulative errors in long curves.
Difficult to use in uneven or obstructed terrain compared to angular methods.
Minor road works.
Short curves in building site layouts.
Compass is also not used for setting out curves because it measures magnetic bearings, which are not accurate enough for curve definition compared to angular methods using a theodolite.
The question specifies 'linear method' which restricts the tools to those used for length measurement.
C is correct — A theodolite is an angular measuring instrument, whereas linear methods rely solely on distance-measuring tools like chains and tapes.
Always remember that in surveying, 'Linear' implies methods requiring only distance (tape/chain) while 'Angular' implies methods requiring direction/angle (theodolite/compass/total station).