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In which are the following horizontal curve.
Circular
Transition
Vertical
Both A and B
Both A and B
Curves provided in the horizontal plane to negotiate a change in direction are called horizontal curves. Both circular curves (simple, compound, or reverse) and transition curves are horizontal curves used in highway and railway alignment.
Curves provided in the horizontal plane to negotiate a change in direction are called horizontal curves. Both circular curves (simple, compound, or reverse) and transition curves are horizontal curves used in highway and railway alignment.
P=gRWv2тАЛ тАФ centrifugal force acting on a vehicle moving along a horizontal curve
e+f=gRv2тАЛ тАФ design equation for superelevation on a horizontal curve
When a vehicle negotiates a curve, centrifugal force acts outwards. Circular curves provide a constant radius for direction change, while transition curves gradually introduce superelevation and curvature to prevent sudden shocks and discomfort to passengers.
Horizontal curves are used to change the direction of alignment in a horizontal plane.
Circular curves have a constant radius and are classified into simple, compound, and reverse curves.
Transition curves have a varying radius (from infinity to a finite radius) and are inserted between a straight path and a circular curve.
Vertical curves (summit and sag) are provided to handle changes in gradient in the vertical plane.
Provides a smooth change in direction for vehicles.
Transition curves gradually introduce centrifugal force and superelevation, enhancing comfort and safety.
Requires careful design of superelevation and extra widening to prevent overturning and skidding.
Alignment design of highways, expressways, and railway tracks.
Providing smooth gradient transitions in vertical alignments.
| Feature | Horizontal Curve | Vertical Curve |
|---|---|---|
Plane of Application | Horizontal plane | Vertical plane |
Purpose | To change direction of alignment | To negotiate changes in gradient |
Types | Circular and Transition curves | Summit and Valley curves |
Option A (Circular) is a horizontal curve of constant radius.
Option B (Transition) is a horizontal curve of non-uniform radius used to smoothly connect a tangent to a circular curve.
Option C (Vertical) is used in the vertical plane to connect two gradients, not in the horizontal plane.
D is correct тАФ Both circular curves and transition curves are horizontal curves used to change alignment direction in the horizontal plane.
In highway engineering questions, remember that horizontal curves incorporate both circular arc and transition curve components, whereas vertical curves are typically parabolic.
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