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Kando is which type of system
AC System
DC System
Composite system
None of above
Composite system
The Kando system is a historical electric traction system used in the early 20th century, notably in Hungary, which utilized a phase converter to convert high-voltage single-phase AC supply into multi-phase AC for driving induction motors. It is classified as a composite system because it integrates components of both AC supply systems and multi-phase induction motor drive systems.
The Kando system is a historical electric traction system used in the early 20th century, notably in Hungary, which utilized a phase converter to convert high-voltage single-phase AC supply into multi-phase AC for driving induction motors. It is classified as a composite system because it integrates components of both AC supply systems and multi-phase induction motor drive systems.
PinтАЛ=VтЛЕIтЛЕcos(╧Х) тАФ Basic power input to the converter
╧ЙsтАЛ=P120fтАЛ тАФ Synchronous speed of the polyphase traction motor
The system employs a phase converter (essentially a specialized induction motor) connected to the overhead line. This converter transforms the single-phase AC supplied from the trolley wire into polyphase AC, which is then fed to the traction motors. This allows the use of robust AC induction motors while maintaining the benefits of high-voltage single-phase transmission.
Named after Hungarian engineer Kalman Kando.
Eliminated the need for heavy DC substations in early electrification.
Used frequency conversion techniques to match supply to motor requirements.
Considered a pioneer technology for modern AC traction systems.
Allowed high-voltage AC transmission for long-distance efficiency.
Utilized robust and low-maintenance induction motors.
Avoided the need for expensive DC rectifiers at the time.
High weight of the phase converter unit on board the locomotive.
Complexity of controlling speed and torque in polyphase induction motors.
Efficiency losses within the rotary phase converter.
Early railway electrification in Hungary (e.g., Budapest-Hegyeshalom line).
Pioneering long-distance mainline electric traction.
The Kando system was influential in the development of modern 25kV 50Hz AC traction, though its specific mechanical phase conversion technique was eventually superseded by power electronics (rectifiers).
Option A and B are incorrect as the Kando system was specifically designed to utilize both AC supply and multi-phase AC traction, making it a composite arrangement rather than a simple DC or standard AC system.
C is correct тАФ The Kando system is classified as a composite system because it uses a phase converter to bridge single-phase AC supply with polyphase traction motor drive.
When analyzing traction systems, remember that 'Composite' usually refers to systems combining different types of energy conversion or supply stages, which is a frequent theme in electrical machines and power systems.