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Back to Practice Questions
CivilSoil Mechanics
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Maximum water content at which reduction in water will not cause decrease in volume of soil mass is called...

A

liquid limit

B

plastic limit

C

Shrinkage limit

D

plasticity index

Correct Answer

тЪЩя╕П TE тАв Technical Concept & PrincipleCivilSoil Mechanics
Option C

Shrinkage limit

Quick Summary:

The shrinkage limit is defined as the maximum water content at which any further reduction in water does not result in a corresponding reduction in the volume of the soil mass. At this limit, the soil is considered to be fully saturated.

тЪЩя╕ПTETechnical SolutionConcept & Principle
ЁЯТб Explanation

The shrinkage limit is defined as the maximum water content at which any further reduction in water does not result in a corresponding reduction in the volume of the soil mass. At this limit, the soil is considered to be fully saturated.

ЁЯФв Key Formulas

ws=(VтИТVdMdтЛЕ╧Бw+1G)├Ч100w_s = \left( \frac{V - V_d}{M_d} \cdot \rho_w + \frac{1}{G} \right) \times 100wsтАЛ=(MdтАЛVтИТVdтАЛтАЛтЛЕ╧БwтАЛ+G1тАЛ)├Ч100 тАФ Relationship between shrinkage limit and soil parameters

тЪЩя╕П Working Principle

As a soil sample dries, water in the pores is replaced by air. Above the shrinkage limit, the loss of water is directly proportional to the reduction in soil volume. At the shrinkage limit, the soil grains come into contact such that the soil structure becomes rigid, and the remaining water exists only within the voids. Further evaporation leads to the entry of air into the pores rather than a contraction of the soil skeleton.

ЁЯУМ Key Points
  • тЦ╕

    At the shrinkage limit, the degree of saturation (S) is 100%.

  • тЦ╕

    It represents the transition between the semi-solid and solid states in the consistency limits (Atterberg limits).

  • тЦ╕

    It is primarily used in geotechnical engineering to assess the swelling and shrinkage potential of soils.

тЬЕ Advantages
  • тЦ╕

    Useful for predicting potential volume changes in clayey soils.

  • тЦ╕

    Essential for soil classification based on consistency.

тЭМ Disadvantages / Limitations
  • тЦ╕

    Laboratory determination requires precise measurement of soil volume, often using mercury displacement.

  • тЦ╕

    Sensitive to soil preparation methods.

ЁЯЫая╕П Applications / Uses
  • тЦ╕

    Foundation design in expansive soils (e.g., Black Cotton Soil).

  • тЦ╕

    Earthwork construction control.

ЁЯУД Additional Information
  • тЦ╕

    Liquid Limit (LL): Water content at which soil passes from liquid to plastic state.

  • тЦ╕

    Plastic Limit (PL): Water content at which soil passes from plastic to semi-solid state.

  • тЦ╕

    Plasticity Index (PI): The numerical difference between the Liquid Limit and the Plastic Limit (PI=LLтИТPLPI = LL - PLPI=LLтИТPL).

ЁЯУК Diagram / Illustration
Shrinkage Limit FormulawтВЫ = left( [M_w - ╧Б_w (V - V_d)] / M_dright) ├Ч 100Where wтВЫ = Shrinkage LimitV = Volume at water content, V_d = Dry volume
тЬЕ

C is correct тАФ The shrinkage limit is the lowest water content at which a soil remains fully saturated; below this point, volume remains constant.

Core Concepts Used
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Atterberg Limits Soil Consistency Phase Relationship
ЁЯТб EXAM TIP

Remember the Atterberg limits order: Shrinkage Limit < Plastic Limit < Liquid Limit. Questions often test the physical state of soil between these boundaries.

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