Which type of chemical reaction involves the exchange of ions between the reactants?

Question

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Option B: Double displacement reaction. A double displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which two reactant ionic compounds exchange their ions to form two new compounds, usually resulting in the precipitation of an insoluble solid or the formation of water.

Step-by-Step Solution & Concepts:
A double displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which two reactant ionic compounds exchange their ions to form two new compounds, usually resulting in the precipitation of an insoluble solid or the formation of water.

Working Principle: In a double displacement reaction (also known as a precipitation or metathesis reaction), the positive ions ($cations$) and negative ions ($anions$) of two different ionic compounds switch places in aqueous solution. For example, when aqueous solutions of barium chloride ($BaCl_2$) and sodium sulfate ($Na_2SO_4$) are mixed, the $Ba^{2+}$ ions exchange with the $Na^+$ ions to form barium sulfate ($BaSO_4$), which precipitates out as a white solid, and sodium chloride ($NaCl$).

Key Formulas: $AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$ — General double displacement equation; $BaCl_{2} (aq) + Na_{2}SO_{4} (aq) \rightarrow BaSO_{4} (s) \downarrow + 2NaCl (aq)$ — Classical precipitation example

Key Points: Involves mutual exchange of ionic species between two reactants.; Usually takes place in aqueous solution.; Often driven by the formation of a precipitate, a gas, or water (neutralization).; Also known as metathesis reaction.

Advantages: Useful for preparing specific insoluble salts through precipitation.

Disadvantages: Reaction rates can sometimes be extremely fast or difficult to control in industrial settings without proper dilution.

Applications: Precipitation reactions in analytical chemistry for qualitative ion detection.; Water softening processes and wastewater treatment.; Neutralization reactions between acids and bases.

Additional Info: Option A (Decomposition reaction): A single reactant breaks down into two or more simpler products ($AB \rightarrow A + B$).. Option B (Double displacement reaction): Two ionic compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds.. Option C (Displacement reaction): An active element displaces a less active element from its compound ($A + BC \rightarrow AC + B$).. Option D (Combination reaction): Two or more reactants combine to form a single product ($A + B \rightarrow AB$).

Answer: B is correct — Double displacement reaction involves the exchange of ions between the reactants to form new compounds.

Exam Tip: Remember that double displacement reactions typically occur in aqueous solutions where both reactants dissociate into ions, allowing mutual exchange.

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Option A: Decomposition reaction

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Option C: Displacement reaction

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Option D: Combination reaction

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