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Which of the following does not have a membrane?
Plant cell
Fungi cell
Viruses
Animal cell
Viruses
Viruses lack a true cellular structure, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. Instead, they consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed within a protective protein coat called a capsid, and sometimes a lipid envelope derived from host cell membranes.
Viruses lack a true cellular structure, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. Instead, they consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed within a protective protein coat called a capsid, and sometimes a lipid envelope derived from host cell membranes.
Think of a virus as a USB flash drive containing files — it has data inside and an outer shell, but no internal computer components, power supply, or operating system of its own until plugged into a host computer.
V-A-C: Viruses Are Cellular-less (or lack cellular membranes).
Unlike plant cells (which have a cell wall and plasma membrane), fungi cells (chitin cell wall and plasma membrane), and animal cells (plasma membrane), viruses are acellular entities. They do not possess metabolic machinery or cellular membranes of their own and can only replicate inside a living host cell.
Viruses are considered borderline between living and non-living because they lack cellular machinery.
Plant cells possess a rigid cell wall composed of cellulose and a plasma membrane.
Fungal cell walls are made of chitin.
Animal cells lack a cell wall but possess a delicate plasma membrane.
Understanding microbiology and cell biology principles in competitive examinations (RRB, SSC, NEET).
Option A (Plant cell): Has both a cell wall and a plasma membrane.
Option B (Fungi cell): Has a chitin cell wall and a plasma membrane.
Option C (Viruses): Acellular; lacks cytoplasm and standard cell membrane, possessing only a protein coat (capsid) around nucleic acid.
Option D (Animal cell): Has a plasma membrane enclosing the cytoplasm.
C is correct — Viruses lack a cellular membrane and true cellular structure, consisting only of genetic material enclosed in a protein capsid.
Always remember that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not fit into traditional cell theory since they lack cellular organization.
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