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A solution contains 40┬аml of acid in 120┬аml of water. Calculate the concentration in terms of volume by volume percentage of the solution.
45%
25%
12%
30%
25%
Volume by volume percentage is defined as the volume of the solute divided by the total volume of the solution, multiplied by 100. Here, the volume of solute (acid) = 40┬аml, volume of solvent (water) = 120┬аml, so total volume of solution = 40+120=160┬аml. Thus, concentration = (16040тАЛ)├Ч100=25%.
Volume by volume percentage is defined as the volume of the solute divided by the total volume of the solution, multiplied by 100. Here, the volume of solute (acid) = 40┬аml, volume of solvent (water) = 120┬аml, so total volume of solution = 40+120=160┬аml. Thus, concentration = (16040тАЛ)├Ч100=25%.
Think of mixing 40┬аml of orange syrup with 120┬аml of water to make 160┬аml of juice. The fraction of syrup in the total juice is 40 out of 160, which is exactly one-fourth or 25%.
SOLUTE over SOLUTION times HUNDRED!
Volume┬аpercentage=Volume┬аof┬аsolutionVolume┬аof┬аsoluteтАЛ├Ч100
Volume┬аof┬аsolution=Volume┬аof┬аsolute+Volume┬аof┬аsolvent
Concentration in terms of volume by volume percentage (VVтАЛ%) expresses the concentration of a liquid solute dissolved in a liquid solvent. It accounts for the additivity or total volume of the resulting liquid mixture, which is the sum of the volumes of both the solute and the solvent.
Volume percentage is used when both solute and solvent are liquids.
Total volume of solution is always the sum of solute volume and solvent volume unless stated otherwise.
Units of solute and solvent volume must be identical before applying the percentage formula.
Simple and intuitive for liquid-liquid mixtures.
Does not require knowing the molar mass of the solute.
Volume changes with temperature due to thermal expansion or contraction.
Volumes of mixing are not always strictly additive in real non-ideal solutions.
Expressing concentrations of alcohol in beverages (e.g., ABV % v/v).
Pharmaceutical liquid preparations and syrups.
In this problem, solute = 40┬аml and solvent = 120┬аml.
Common mistake is dividing by solvent volume (120┬аml) instead of solution volume (160┬аml).
Option B (25%) is the correct derived value.
C is correct тАФ Volume by volume percentage of the solution is calculated as 40+12040тАЛ\times 100 = 25%.$
Always ensure you use the total volume of the solution in the denominator, not just the volume of the solvent, when calculating percentage concentrations!
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