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If a car travelling along a straight road increases its speed by unequal amounts in equal intervals of time, then the car is said to be moving with:
non-uniform acceleration
uniform velocity
uniform speed
uniform acceleration
non-uniform acceleration
When a body's speed changes by unequal amounts in equal time intervals while moving in a straight line, it is experiencing non-uniform acceleration. This means the rate at which its velocity changes is not constant over time.
When a body's speed changes by unequal amounts in equal time intervals while moving in a straight line, it is experiencing non-uniform acceleration. This means the rate at which its velocity changes is not constant over time.
Think of a car stuck in heavy, stop-and-go traffic; sometimes it speeds up quickly when the road clears, and sometimes it creeps forward slowly even in the same number of seconds.
a=tvтИТuтАЛ тАФ Basic definition of average acceleration
a=dtdvтАЛ тАФ Instantaneous acceleration in calculus
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity (a=dtdvтАЛ). If the velocity increases by unequal amounts (Deltav) for equal intervals of time (Deltat), the ratio DeltatDeltavтАЛ is variable. Since the direction is constant (straight road), this variation implies the acceleration magnitude is changing.
Uniform acceleration occurs when velocity changes by equal amounts in equal time intervals.
Non-uniform acceleration occurs when the velocity change is irregular over equal time intervals.
A straight line motion with varying acceleration is always non-uniform.
Motion of a vehicle in congested traffic.
Movement of a person in a crowded market.
| Feature | Uniform | Non-uniform |
|---|---|---|
Acceleration Type | Equal ╬Фv in equal ╬Фt | Unequal ╬Фv in equal ╬Фt |
Velocity is a vector quantity, so any change in direction also implies acceleration, even if speed remains constant (Uniform Circular Motion).
Option B (uniform velocity) implies a=0. Option C (uniform speed) implies constant magnitude of velocity. Option D (uniform acceleration) implies a constant rate of change of velocity.
A is correct тАФ Non-uniform acceleration is characterized by a variable rate of change in speed.
Always distinguish between 'speed' (scalar) and 'velocity' (vector) in kinematics questions to avoid traps regarding directional changes.
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