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Which of the following is/are called biological catalysts?
Digestive juices
Enzymes
Hydrochloric acid
Mucus
Enzymes
Enzymes are proteinaceous substances that function as biological catalysts, accelerating biochemical reactions within living organisms without being consumed in the process. They lower the activation energy required for metabolic processes to occur at physiological temperatures.
Enzymes are proteinaceous substances that function as biological catalysts, accelerating biochemical reactions within living organisms without being consumed in the process. They lower the activation energy required for metabolic processes to occur at physiological temperatures.
Think of an enzyme like a shortcut on a hiking trail; it allows you to get to the summit (the product) much faster and with less effort compared to climbing the steep, original path.
E-A-S: Enzymes Are Speed-up-agents.
E+SтЗМESтЖТE+P тАФ where E is Enzyme, S is Substrate, ES is the complex, and P is Product.
Enzymes work by providing an alternative pathway for a reaction, typically by binding to specific substrate molecules at their active site to form an enzyme-substrate complex. This interaction strains chemical bonds or brings reactants into the correct orientation, drastically reducing the activation energy (EaтАЛ) required for the transformation into products.
Enzymes are highly specific in their action, often following a 'lock and key' model.
Most enzymes are proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) also act as biological catalysts.
Enzyme activity is highly sensitive to environmental factors like temperature and pH.
They do not alter the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction.
High specificity and catalytic efficiency.
Operation under mild biological conditions (neutral pH, moderate temperature).
Sensitivity to denaturation by heat or pH extremes.
Requirement for specific cofactors or coenzymes in many cases.
Digestion of food nutrients (e.g., amylase, pepsin).
DNA replication and repair within cells.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) provides an acidic environment for enzymes like pepsin to function but is not a catalyst itself.
Mucus acts as a protective barrier in the stomach lining.
Digestive juices are the mixture of enzymes, water, and ions, but the catalytic component itself is the enzyme.
B is correct тАФ Enzymes are specialized proteins that act as biological catalysts to accelerate metabolic reactions.
In exams, remember that while all enzymes are biological catalysts, not all catalysts are enzymes (e.g., some metal ions or inorganic chemicals).
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