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Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank. The phenomenon of the magnetic flux density lagging behind the magnetizing force in a magnetic material is called ______.
Hysteresis
Saturation
Permeability
Reluctance
Hysteresis
Hysteresis is the phenomenon where the magnetic flux density (B) in a magnetic material lags behind the applied magnetizing force (H). This effect is caused by the internal friction or resistance of magnetic domains within the material as they align with the external field.
Hysteresis is the phenomenon where the magnetic flux density (B) in a magnetic material lags behind the applied magnetizing force (H). This effect is caused by the internal friction or resistance of magnetic domains within the material as they align with the external field.
WhтАЛ=тИоHтЛЕdB тАФ Energy loss per unit volume per cycle
PhтАЛ=╬╖тЛЕfтЛЕBmaxnтАЛ тАФ Steinmetz hysteresis loss formula
When an external magnetizing field is applied, the magnetic domains in a ferromagnetic material align with the field. Upon removing the field, some domains remain aligned due to the material's retentivity. This inherent property of the material causes the BтИТH curve to follow a loop, known as the hysteresis loop, where energy is dissipated as heat during every cycle.
Hysteresis loss depends on the area of the BтИТH loop.
Materials with small hysteresis loops are preferred for transformer cores to minimize losses.
Hard magnetic materials have wide loops, while soft magnetic materials have narrow loops.
Used in permanent magnet design
Essential for memory storage in magnetic media
Leads to undesirable heat dissipation in electrical machines
Reduces the efficiency of transformers and motors
Transformer cores
Electric motors and generators
Magnetic recording media
Option B (Saturation) refers to the state where further increases in H yield no significant increase in B.
Option C (Permeability) is the measure of a material's ability to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself.
Option D (Reluctance) is the opposition offered to the flow of magnetic flux, analogous to resistance in an electrical circuit.
A is correct тАФ Hysteresis is the property of a magnetic material that causes the magnetic flux density to lag behind the magnetizing force.
Always remember that hysteresis loss is directly proportional to the frequency (f) of the supply; therefore, high-frequency applications require materials with extremely low hysteresis loss coefficients.
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