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STATCOM + SSSC will make
UPQC
TCSC
UPFC
SVR
UPFC
A Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a versatile FACTS device that integrates a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) via a common DC link. By sharing the DC capacitor, these two converters can exchange real power, allowing for independent control of both voltage and active/reactive power flow in transmission lines.
A Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a versatile FACTS device that integrates a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) via a common DC link. By sharing the DC capacitor, these two converters can exchange real power, allowing for independent control of both voltage and active/reactive power flow in transmission lines.
P=XV1тАЛV2тАЛтАЛsin(╬┤) тАФ Power transfer equation in transmission lines
QshтАЛ=VsтАЛIshтАЛ тАФ Reactive power provided by STATCOM
VserтАЛ=VpqтАЛтИа╬╕ тАФ Series injected voltage by SSSC
The STATCOM (shunt-connected) provides reactive power compensation to control bus voltage, while the SSSC (series-connected) injects a controllable voltage vector in series with the line to manage power flow. The common DC link allows the shunt converter to supply or absorb real power for the series converter, enabling the UPFC to act as a phase shifter, series compensator, and voltage regulator simultaneously.
UPFC is the most sophisticated and complex FACTS controller.
It can control voltage magnitude, phase angle, and line impedance simultaneously.
The STATCOM provides shunt compensation, and the SSSC provides series compensation.
The common DC link is essential for active power transfer between shunt and series converters.
Independent control of active and reactive power flow
Enhanced transient stability and voltage regulation
Dynamic flexibility in power grid operations
High capital cost and complex control systems
Sophisticated maintenance required due to high power electronics usage
Dynamic congestion management
Enhancement of power system oscillation stability
Voltage profile improvement in long-distance AC transmission
Option A (UPQC) is for distribution systems, B (TCSC) is an impedance-based series compensator, and D (SVR) is a Step Voltage Regulator.
The UPFC is often described as a generalized FACTS controller.
C is correct тАФ The combination of a shunt-connected STATCOM and a series-connected SSSC via a common DC link constitutes a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC).
Remember that UPFC is a multi-functional device; if the question asks about a device that can perform the roles of both series and shunt compensation, it is almost certainly the UPFC.