Question Detail
The amount of back e.m.f. of a shunt motor will increase when
Options
- Option A: When the Load is Increased
- Option B: When the Field is Weakened
- Option C: When the Field is strengthed
- Option D: None of the above
Correct Answer
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<p>When the Field is Weakened</p>
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Solution & Explanation
{"type":"technical","methodBadge":"Concept & Principle","explanation":"In a DC shunt motor, the back e.m.f. ($E_b$) is directly proportional to the magnetic flux ($Phi$) and the speed ($N$). When the field is weakened, the flux decreases; however, the speed of the motor increases significantly, and since the increase in speed is the dominant effect on $E_b$ ($E_b = V - I_a R_a$), the back e.m.f. effectively rises to approach the supply voltage.","workingPrinciple":"The relationship is defined by $E_b = \\frac{P \\Phi Z N}{60 A}$. When the field current is reduced, $\\Phi$ drops. To maintain the equilibrium between electrical input and mechanical load, the motor accelerates ($N$ increases). The increase in speed $N$ is proportionally larger than the decrease in flux $\\Phi$, leading to an increase in $E_b$.","diagramSvg":"Back E.M.F. Relationship$E_b = V - I_a R_a$$E_b \\propto \\Phi N$Field Weakening \\rightarrow \\Phi \\downarrow \\rightarrow N \\uparrow \\uparrow \\rightarrow E_b \\uparrow","keyFormulas":["$E_b = \\frac{P \\Phi Z N}{60 A}$ тАФ Fundamental equation for Back E.M.F.","$E_b = V - I_a R_a$ тАФ Voltage balance equation for a DC motor"],"keyPoints":["Back e.m.f. is known as the 'counter e.m.f.' which opposes the applied voltage.","Field weakening is a common method for speed control above rated speed.","As the motor speed increases due to lower flux, the internal generated voltage increases."],"advantages":["Efficient speed control above base speed.","Maintains high power output during speed adjustment."],"disadvantages":["Risk of dangerous over-speeding if field circuit breaks.","Reduced torque capacity at higher speeds."],"applications":["Constant power industrial drives.","Variable speed traction motors."],"comparisonTable":[],"additionalInfo":["When load increases, the motor slows down, causing $E_b$ to decrease so that more armature current can be drawn.","Option A is incorrect because increasing load increases the armature current, which causes a voltage drop ($I_a R_a$), decreasing the back e.m.f."],"answer":"B is correct тАФ When the field is weakened, the flux decreases, causing the motor speed to rise sufficiently to increase the back e.m.f. towards the supply voltage.","correctedOptions":["\n\n\nWhen the Load is Increased\n\n","\n\n\nWhen the Field is Weakened\n\n","\n\n\nWhen the Field is strengthed\n\n","\n\n\nNone of the above\n\n"],"coreConcepts":["Back E.M.F.","Field Flux control","DC Motor Speed Regulation"],"crossTopicTip":"Always remember that in DC motors, flux and speed are inversely related; thus, any change in flux has an inverse effect on speed, which dictates the back e.m.f. value."}