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The materials not included in highway construction are
Stone
Dust
Soil
Petrol
Petrol
Highway construction requires structural materials like aggregates (stone), binders (bitumen/tar), and soil (for subgrade) to provide load-bearing capacity and durability. Petrol is a volatile fuel used in automotive engines to power construction machinery, but it is not a structural component or binder in the pavement matrix.
Highway construction requires structural materials like aggregates (stone), binders (bitumen/tar), and soil (for subgrade) to provide load-bearing capacity and durability. Petrol is a volatile fuel used in automotive engines to power construction machinery, but it is not a structural component or binder in the pavement matrix.
Structural materials include aggregates, cement, bitumen, and soil subgrade.
Construction equipment uses petrol/diesel as fuel, not as a pavement material.
Dust is often generated during construction and is considered a waste/contaminant rather than an engineering material, though it can be a component of filler in bituminous mixes.
Road pavement design is based on the interaction of structural layers: Subgrade, Sub-base, Base course, and Surface course.
Stone (aggregates) provides the mechanical strength of the road.
Soil forms the foundational subgrade on which the road rests.
Petrol is an energy source for machinery, not a component of the pavement structure itself.
D is correct тАФ Petrol is a fuel for construction machinery and does not constitute a structural component of highway pavements.
In Civil Engineering MCQs, always distinguish between 'materials of construction' (the building blocks) and 'resources for construction' (fuel, labor, equipment).