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ElectricalElectromagnetics Field Theory
PrevNext

The Maxwell’s equation, ∇•B = 0 is due to

A

B=μHB = \mu HB=μH

B

B=HμB = \frac{H}{\mu}B=μH​

C

Non-existence of a mono pole

D

None of above

Correct Answer

⚙️ TE • Technical Concept & PrincipleElectricalElectromagnetics Field Theory
Option C

Non-existence of a mono pole

Quick Summary:

Maxwell’s equation ∇⋅B=0\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0∇⋅B=0 is known as Gauss's Law for magnetism. It states that the magnetic flux density is solenoidal, meaning magnetic field lines form closed loops and have no source or sink, which implies the non-existence of magnetic monopoles.

⚙️TETechnical SolutionConcept & Principle
💡 Explanation

Maxwell’s equation ∇⋅B=0\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0∇⋅B=0 is known as Gauss's Law for magnetism. It states that the magnetic flux density is solenoidal, meaning magnetic field lines form closed loops and have no source or sink, which implies the non-existence of magnetic monopoles.

🔢 Key Formulas

∇⋅B=0\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0∇⋅B=0 — Differential form of Gauss's Law for Magnetism

∮SB⋅dS=0\oint_{S} \mathbf{B} \cdot d\mathbf{S} = 0∮S​B⋅dS=0 — Integral form of Gauss's Law for Magnetism

⚙️ Working Principle

In classical electromagnetism, magnetic fields are generated by electric currents or time-varying electric fields, rather than magnetic charges. Since there is no magnetic counterpart to an electric charge (a monopole), a surface integral of the magnetic flux density B\mathbf{B}B over any closed volume must equal zero, as all flux entering the volume must also exit it.

📌 Key Points
  • ▸

    The equation confirms that magnetic field lines are continuous.

  • ▸

    It demonstrates that magnetic poles always exist in pairs (dipoles).

  • ▸

    It is one of the four fundamental Maxwell's equations governing classical electromagnetics.

✅ Advantages
  • ▸

    Ensures consistency with the non-existence of magnetic monopoles.

  • ▸

    Validates the conservation of magnetic flux in any closed surface.

🛠️ Applications / Uses
  • ▸

    Design of electric machines and transformers.

  • ▸

    Analysis of magnetic circuits and electromagnetic induction.

📄 Additional Information
  • ▸

    The equation B=μH\mathbf{B} = \mu \mathbf{H}B=μH represents a constitutive relation for linear, isotropic, and homogeneous magnetic materials, not the divergence of magnetic flux.

  • ▸

    If a magnetic monopole were ever discovered, this equation would need to be modified to ∇⋅B=ρm\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = \rho_m∇⋅B=ρm​.

📊 Diagram / Illustration
Gauss's Law for Magnetism
∇⋅B=0\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0∇⋅B=0
∮SB⋅dS=0\oint_{S} \mathbf{B} \cdot d\mathbf{S} = 0∮S​B⋅dS=0
✅

C is correct — The equation ∇⋅B=0\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0∇⋅B=0 signifies that magnetic flux is solenoidal, which is mathematically equivalent to the non-existence of isolated magnetic monopoles.

Core Concepts Used
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Gauss's Law for Magnetism Magnetic Flux Density Solenoidal Fields
💡 EXAM TIP

Always remember that in electromagnetics, ∇⋅B=0\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0∇⋅B=0 represents the non-existence of monopoles, while ∇⋅D=ρv\nabla \cdot \mathbf{D} = \rho_v∇⋅D=ρv​ represents the existence of electric charge.

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