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General ScienceChemistry: Atoms and Molecules

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The ozone molecule is a ________.

Monoatomic

Diatomic

Triatomic

Polyatomic

Correct Answer

🔬 SC • Science Concept & PrincipleGeneral ScienceChemistry: Atoms and Molecules

Option C

Triatomic

Quick Summary:

An ozone molecule is composed of three oxygen atoms, making it a triatomic molecule. It is an allotrope of oxygen with the chemical formula $O_3$ .

🔬SCScience SolutionConcept & Principle

💡 Explanation

An ozone molecule is composed of three oxygen atoms, making it a triatomic molecule. It is an allotrope of oxygen with the chemical formula $O_3$ .

💡 Everyday Analogy (Real-World Intuition)

If an oxygen molecule is a pair of dancers ( $O_2$ ), an ozone molecule is a trio holding hands in a circle ( $O_3$ ).

🧠 Memory Mnemonic / Shortcut Aid

O-Three is Tri (3 letters in Tri-atomic for O-3).

🔢 Key Formulas

$O + O_2 \rightarrow O_3$ — The formation reaction of ozone

$\text{Atomicity} = \frac{\text{Total number of atoms in a molecule}}{\text{1}}$ — Definition of atomicity

⚙️ Working Principle

In the upper atmosphere, oxygen molecules ( $O_2$ ) are split into individual oxygen atoms by ultraviolet radiation. These reactive oxygen atoms then collide with other $O_2$ molecules to form the stable $O_3$ structure through the process of resonance, where the bonding electrons are delocalized across the three oxygen atoms.

📌 Key Points

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Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen.
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It acts as a protective layer in the stratosphere against harmful UV rays.
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The atomicity of an element is defined as the number of atoms present in one molecule of that element.

✅ Advantages

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Absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun.

❌ Disadvantages / Limitations

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Toxic to living organisms when found at ground level as a component of smog.

🛠️ Applications / Uses

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Used in water purification and as a bleaching agent.
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Essential component of the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer.

📄 Additional Information

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Standard oxygen ( $O_2$ ) is diatomic.
▸
Option A (Monoatomic) refers to noble gases like Helium. Option B (Diatomic) refers to elements like Hydrogen ( $H_2$ ) or Oxygen ( $O_2$ ). Option D (Polyatomic) is a general term for molecules with more than 3 atoms, though triatomic is a specific subset of polyatomic.

📊 Diagram / Illustration

✅

C is correct — The ozone molecule consists of three oxygen atoms bonded together, classifying it as a triatomic molecule.

Core Concepts Used

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Atomicity of elements Molecular structure Allotropy

💡 EXAM TIP

Always remember the atomicity of common gases: $H_2, N_2, O_2, F_2, Cl_2$ are diatomic, while $O_3$ is triatomic and Helium ( $He$ ) is monoatomic.

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