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The phenomenon of rising in voltage at the receiving end of the open-circuited or lightly loaded line is called as
Roman Effect
Skin Effect
Corona Effect
Ferranti Effect
Ferranti Effect
The Ferranti effect refers to the increase in voltage at the receiving end of a long, lightly loaded, or open-circuited transmission line compared to the sending end. This phenomenon occurs because of the charging current drawn by the line's shunt capacitance.
The Ferranti effect refers to the increase in voltage at the receiving end of a long, lightly loaded, or open-circuited transmission line compared to the sending end. This phenomenon occurs because of the charging current drawn by the line's shunt capacitance.
VRтАЛ=VSтАЛ+ICтАЛ(R+jXLтАЛ) тАФ voltage relationship showing receiving end rise
ICтАЛ=j╧ЙCVSтАЛ тАФ charging current expression
In a long transmission line, shunt capacitance is distributed along the entire length. When the line is lightly loaded or open, this capacitance draws a leading charging current from the sending end. As this current flows through the line inductance, it causes a voltage drop that leads to a voltage rise at the receiving end, as the capacitor current flows from the source through the line resistance and inductance.
Most prominent in long transmission lines (>200 km).
Caused by the Ferranti effect in lightly loaded cables and overhead lines.
The effect is proportional to the square of the line length.
Can be mitigated using shunt reactors at the receiving end.
Useful in specific high-voltage testing scenarios
Risk of insulation breakdown due to overvoltage
Potential damage to connected electrical equipment
Necessitates usage of compensation equipment
Used as a design parameter for long distance EHV transmission
Determining placement of shunt reactors
Skin effect describes the non-uniform distribution of current in a conductor.
Corona effect involves the ionization of air around a conductor causing power loss and audible noise.
Roman effect is not a standard electrical power system term.
D is correct тАФ The Ferranti effect describes the voltage rise phenomenon observed at the open or lightly loaded end of a transmission line.
Always remember that the Ferranti effect is more pronounced in underground cables than in overhead lines because cables have much higher shunt capacitance.