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Chapter 1 of 12 • Page 1 of 248🔒 Protected PDF • Watermarked
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The process of the turning the telescope in the horizontal plane about its vertical axis is called____
Transiting
Plunging
Swinging
All of the above
Swinging
Swinging is the movement of the telescope in the horizontal plane about the vertical axis of the theodolite. This motion allows the surveyor to change the horizontal pointing of the telescope to sight different stations.
Swinging is the movement of the telescope in the horizontal plane about the vertical axis of the theodolite. This motion allows the surveyor to change the horizontal pointing of the telescope to sight different stations.
Ha=θ2−θ1 — Horizontal angle calculation representing the difference in horizontal circle readings after swinging
The vertical axis of the theodolite acts as a pivot. By releasing the horizontal clamp and rotating the alidade assembly, the telescope undergoes a horizontal rotation (swinging). This movement is measured using the horizontal circle and vernier scales to determine horizontal angles.
Swinging is specifically rotation about the vertical axis.
Transiting (or Plunging) is rotation about the horizontal axis.
The horizontal axis is also known as the trunnion axis.
A theodolite allows rotation in both horizontal and vertical planes for 3D coordinate measurement.
Enables precise measurement of horizontal angles.
Essential for triangulation and traversing surveys.
Requires careful centering and leveling for accurate swinging.
Susceptible to errors if the vertical axis is not truly plumb.
Theodolite surveying
Setting out curves in highway engineering
Topographical mapping
Transiting (also called plunging or reversing) involves rotating the telescope 180 degrees about its horizontal axis in the vertical plane.
Option A and B are synonymous terms describing vertical rotation, not horizontal.
C is correct — Swinging refers to the rotation of the telescope in the horizontal plane about the instrument's vertical axis.
Remember: 'Swinging' = Vertical Axis (Horizontal Angle); 'Transiting' = Horizontal Axis (Vertical Angle/Flipping).