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The shear strength in cohesion less soil is due to ___________
Internal friction
Cohesion
Inter granular friction
Inter particle force
Inter granular friction
In soil mechanics, cohesionless soils (like sand or gravel) lack electrochemical bonding between particles. Their shear strength is derived entirely from the friction generated at the contact points between individual grains as they slide over one another under an applied normal stress.
In soil mechanics, cohesionless soils (like sand or gravel) lack electrochemical bonding between particles. Their shear strength is derived entirely from the friction generated at the contact points between individual grains as they slide over one another under an applied normal stress.
╧Д=╧ГтА▓tan(╧Х) тАФ Coulomb's law for cohesionless soil where ╧Х is the angle of internal friction.
When a shearing force is applied to cohesionless soil, the particles tend to slide or roll over each other. This motion is resisted by intergranular friction, which depends on the surface roughness of particles, the grain size distribution, and the applied effective normal stress. According to the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for cohesionless soil, the shear strength is directly proportional to the effective normal stress.
Cohesionless soils have a cohesion intercept c=0.
Shear strength increases linearly with the effective confining pressure.
The angle of internal friction ╧Х represents the shear strength characteristics.
Intergranular friction is the sole contributor to shear resistance in these materials.
High permeability due to lack of cohesion.
Predictable strength gain under increasing effective stress.
Susceptible to liquefaction during seismic events.
Low shear strength in loose states without confinement.
Foundation design for structures on sandy soils.
Slope stability analysis of embankments and granular slopes.
Option B is incorrect because cohesion is the shear strength component characteristic of clayey soils due to electrochemical forces, which is absent in sand.
Options A and C are synonymous in principle, but 'Intergranular friction' is the specific mechanical term describing the physical interaction at contact points.
C is correct тАФ Shear strength in cohesionless soil is fundamentally governed by intergranular friction arising from the mechanical interaction of particles under normal load.
Always remember that for purely cohesionless soils, the failure envelope passes through the origin in a ╧Д vs ╧ГтА▓ graph, confirming that c=0.