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The sum of the present ages of a father and his son is 60 years. Five years ago from now, the product of numerical values of their ages was 525. Find the present age (in years) of the father.
50
40
45
55
40
Check the options by subtracting 5 from each (father's age) and see if the remaining age of the son fits the product condition: (FтИТ5)├Ч(60тИТFтИТ5)=525. For Option B: (40тИТ5)├Ч(20тИТ5)=35├Ч15=525.
Sum of present ages of father and son is 60 years. Five years ago, the product of their ages was 525.
(FтИТ5)(SтИТ5)=525
Check the options by subtracting 5 from each (father's age) and see if the remaining age of the son fits the product condition: (FтИТ5)├Ч(60тИТFтИТ5)=525. For Option B: (40тИТ5)├Ч(20тИТ5)=35├Ч15=525.
A common mistake is calculating the product for present ages (F├ЧS=525) instead of subtracting 5 years from both ages first.
Define variables
Let the father's present age be F and the son's present age be S. Given F+S=60, so S=60тИТF.
S=60тИТF
Set up the equation for 5 years ago
Five years ago, their ages were (FтИТ5) and (SтИТ5). Their product is given as 525.
(FтИТ5)(SтИТ5)=525
Substitute and solve for F
Substitute S=60тИТF into the product equation: (FтИТ5)(60тИТFтИТ5)=525тЗТ(FтИТ5)(55тИТF)=525. Expanding gives 55FтИТF2тИТ275+5F=525, leading to F2тИТ60F+800=0.
F2тИТ60F+800=0
Solve the quadratic equation
Factorize the quadratic: (FтИТ40)(FтИТ20)=0. This gives F=40 or F=20. Since the father must be older than the son, F=40.
F=40
B is correct because solving the quadratic equation derived from the age constraints yields 40 years as the father's age.
This method of substituting variables is fundamental in solving 'Number System' problems and 'Work and Wages' problems in competitive exams.