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Question Detail
To avoid the effect of stray magnetic field in A.C. bridges we can use
Options
Option A: Magnetic screening
Option B: Wagner earthing device
Option C: Wave filters
Option D: Any of the above
Correct Answer
Magnetic screening
Solution & Explanation
{"type":"technical","methodBadge":"Concept & Principle","explanation":"Magnetic screening is used in A.C. bridges to protect components from external electromagnetic interference and stray magnetic fields. By enclosing sensitive bridge components within a high-permeability magnetic shield, the flux linkage from external sources is redirected around the component, preventing induced EMF errors in measurement.","workingPrinciple":"When a bridge circuit is subjected to an external time-varying magnetic field, induced voltages ($e = -N \\frac{d\\Phi}{dt}$) occur in the inductive components of the bridge, causing inaccurate null detection. A magnetic screen made of high-permeability material (like Mu-metal) provides a low-reluctance path for external flux, diverting it away from the sensitive bridge elements. This significantly reduces the stray magnetic flux density ($\\,B\\,$) inside the shielded volume, thereby minimizing magnetic interference.","diagramSvg":"Magnetic Screening PrincipleComponentFlux lines diverted around shield","keyFormulas":["$e = -N \\frac{d\\Phi}{dt}$ тАФ Induced EMF due to stray flux","$S = \\frac{l}{\\mu A}$ тАФ Reluctance of the magnetic path"],"keyPoints":["Stray magnetic fields cause inductive interference in A.C. bridge circuits.","Magnetic screens utilize materials with high relative permeability ($\\,\\mu_r\\,$).","Screening is essential at low frequencies where electromagnetic interference is dominant.","Electrostatic shielding is distinct and uses conductive enclosures to address capacitive stray effects."],"advantages":["High effectiveness against low-frequency magnetic interference","Does not require physical disconnection of the circuit","Improves accuracy of high-sensitivity impedance measurements"],"disadvantages":["Adds bulk and weight to the measurement setup","Expensive materials like Mu-metal are required for best performance"],"applications":["High-precision inductance bridges (e.g., Maxwell bridge)","Laboratory-grade impedance analyzers","Sensitive electronic instrumentation"],"comparisonTable":[],"additionalInfo":["Option B (Wagner earthing device) is primarily used to eliminate the effect of stray capacitance to earth, not magnetic interference.","Option C (Wave filters) are used to eliminate harmonic content from the supply source rather than external field interference."],"answer":"A is correct тАФ Magnetic screening is the standard technique to mitigate errors induced by stray magnetic flux in sensitive A.C. bridge components.","correctedOptions":["Magnetic screening","Wagner earthing device","Wave filters","Any of the above"],"coreConcepts":["Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)","Magnetic Flux Divergence","A.C. Bridge Balancing"],"crossTopicTip":"Always differentiate between magnetic screening (for flux interference) and Wagner earthing (for stray capacitance/grounding issues) in A.C. bridge questions."}