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General SciencePhysics: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
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Two circular coils P and Q have radii R and 2R respectively. If they carry the same current and have the same number of turns, how does the magnetic field at the center of Q compare to that of P?

A

It is double

B

It is half

C

It is four times

D

It is one-fourth

Correct Answer

ЁЯФм SC тАв Science Concept & PrincipleGeneral SciencePhysics: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Option B

It is half

Quick Summary:

The magnetic field at the center of a circular coil is inversely proportional to its radius. Since coil Q has double the radius of coil P (2R2R2R vs RRR), its magnetic field strength at the center will be half that of coil P.

ЁЯФмSCScience SolutionConcept & Principle
ЁЯТб Explanation

The magnetic field at the center of a circular coil is inversely proportional to its radius. Since coil Q has double the radius of coil P (2R2R2R vs RRR), its magnetic field strength at the center will be half that of coil P.

ЁЯТб Everyday Analogy (Real-World Intuition)

Think of the magnetic field as a broadcast signal; just as a light source appears dimmer further away, the 'density' of the magnetic field at the center decreases as the size of the coil loop increases.

ЁЯФв Key Formulas

B=╬╝0NI2RB = \frac{\mu_{0} N I}{2R}B=2R╬╝0тАЛNIтАЛ тАФ Magnetic field at the center of a circular coil

BтИЭ1RB \propto \frac{1}{R}BтИЭR1тАЛ тАФ Inverse relationship between field and radius

тЪЩя╕П Working Principle

According to the Biot-Savart Law, the magnetic field BBB at the center of a circular coil of NNN turns, radius rrr, and carrying current III is given by B=╬╝0NI2rB = \frac{\mu_{0} N I}{2r}B=2r╬╝0тАЛNIтАЛ. Since III and NNN are identical for both coils, the relationship simplifies to BтИЭ1rB \propto \frac{1}{r}BтИЭr1тАЛ. Therefore, doubling the radius rrr results in the magnetic field being halved.

ЁЯУМ Key Points
  • тЦ╕

    Magnetic field is directly proportional to the number of turns NNN.

  • тЦ╕

    Magnetic field is directly proportional to the current III.

  • тЦ╕

    Magnetic field is inversely proportional to the radius RRR.

ЁЯЫая╕П Applications / Uses
  • тЦ╕

    Electromagnets

  • тЦ╕

    Galvanometers

ЁЯФД Comparison Table
FeatureCoil PCoil Q

Radius

R

2R

Magnetic Field

B

B/2

ЁЯУД Additional Information
  • тЦ╕

    The constant ╬╝0\mu_{0}╬╝0тАЛ represents the permeability of free space.

  • тЦ╕

    Option A is incorrect because it implies direct proportionality. Option C and D involve squaring, which occurs in fields on the axis of a coil, not the center.

ЁЯУК Diagram / Illustration
Magnetic Field at Center of Circular Coils Coil P (Radius R) BтВЪ = (╬╝тВАNI) / 2R Coil Q (Radius 2R) B_Q = (╬╝тВАNI) / 2(2R) Comparison Logic: B тИЭ 1/R Since Radius of Q is double (2R), Magnetic Field B_Q is half of BтВЪ. Result: B_Q = 0.5 ├Ч BтВЪ(Half)
тЬЕ

B is correct тАФ The magnetic field at the center of a circular coil is inversely proportional to its radius, so doubling the radius reduces the field by half.

Core Concepts Used
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Biot-Savart Law Magnetic field of a current-carrying loop Inverse proportionality
ЁЯТб EXAM TIP

Always verify if the question asks for the center of the coil or a point on the axis, as the axial formula B=╬╝0NIR22(R2+x2)3/2B = \frac{\mu_{0} N I R^2}{2(R^2 + x^2)^{3/2}}B=2(R2+x2)3/2╬╝0тАЛNIR2тАЛ behaves differently.

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