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What is the effect of sewage treatment on water bodies?
Increases BOD
Decreases BOD
Increases pollution
No effect
Decreases BOD
Sewage treatment processes remove organic matter and suspended solids from wastewater before it is discharged into natural water bodies. By breaking down and removing these biodegradable pollutants, sewage treatment significantly decreases the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the effluent, preventing severe dissolved oxygen depletion in aquatic ecosystems.
Sewage treatment processes remove organic matter and suspended solids from wastewater before it is discharged into natural water bodies. By breaking down and removing these biodegradable pollutants, sewage treatment significantly decreases the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the effluent, preventing severe dissolved oxygen depletion in aquatic ecosystems.
Under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and guidelines enforced by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), specific standards are established for treated wastewater discharge to maintain river water quality across India.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) measures the amount of dissolved oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to oxidize organic matter in water.
Secondary biological sewage treatment uses microbes to consume organic pollutants, directly lowering the BOD of the wastewater.
Releasing treated sewage with a low BOD protects aquatic life and prevents excessive oxygen depletion in rivers and lakes.
High BOD levels in raw or untreated sewage indicate heavy organic pollution and lead to rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen in receiving water bodies.
The CPCB sets strict discharge standards requiring municipal sewage treatment plants to maintain low BOD and COD levels.
Option A is incorrect because raw sewage increases BOD, while treatment lowers it. Option C is incorrect because treatment reduces pollution.
B is correct тАФ Sewage treatment reduces the organic pollutant load of wastewater, thereby decreasing its Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) before discharge into water bodies.
Questions linking BOD, eutrophication, and environmental legislation like the Water Act of 1974 are frequently tested across SSC, RRB, and state public service exams.
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