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What is the phenomenon where light changes its path when passing from one medium to another?
Reflection
Refraction
Dispersion
Diffraction
Refraction
Refraction is the phenomenon where a light ray changes its direction (bends) when it travels obliquely from one transparent medium into another. This happens due to the change in the speed of light as it moves between media of different optical densities.
Refraction is the phenomenon where a light ray changes its direction (bends) when it travels obliquely from one transparent medium into another. This happens due to the change in the speed of light as it moves between media of different optical densities.
Think of a car driving from smooth pavement onto sandy ground at an angle; the wheel hitting the sand first slows down, causing the entire car to steer or 'bend' toward the sand.
RASM: Rare to Air, Speed up, Move away from normal.
n=vcтАЛ тАФ Refractive index n is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum c to speed in medium v
n1тАЛsin(╬╕1тАЛ)=n2тАЛsin(╬╕2тАЛ) тАФ Snell's Law relating incident and refracted angles
When light enters a denser medium (e.g., air to glass), its speed decreases, causing it to bend towards the normal. Conversely, when moving into a rarer medium, it speeds up and bends away from the normal, defined by Snell's Law: n1тАЛsin(╬╕1тАЛ)=n2тАЛsin(╬╕2тАЛ).
Frequency of light remains constant during refraction.
Speed and wavelength change when light crosses the boundary of two media.
Bending is zero if light strikes the interface at an angle of incidence of 0┬░ (normal incidence).
Enables focusing of light in lenses.
Essential for corrective eyewear and optical instruments.
Causes optical aberrations in simple lenses.
Can create visual distortions in underwater viewing.
Lenses in cameras and microscopes
Apparent depth of a swimming pool or water tank
Refractive index of vacuum is 1.0, while air is approximately 1.0003.
Option A (Reflection) involves light bouncing back into the same medium.
Option C (Dispersion) is the splitting of white light into its constituent colors.
Option D (Diffraction) is the bending of light around the corners of obstacles.
B is correct тАФ Refraction is the bending of light caused by a change in speed when passing through media of different optical densities.
Remember that light always bends TOWARDS the normal when entering a Denser medium (D-T-D rule).
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