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ElectricalMachine
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When a bar magnet is broken into two pieces, which of the following are true?

A

A) The magnet loses its magnetism

B

B) The magnet has only north pole left

C

C) The magnet has only south pole left

D

D) The magnet turns into two new bar magnets

Correct Answer

тЪЩя╕П TE тАв Technical Concept & PrincipleElectricalMachine
Option D

The magnet turns into two new bar magnets

Quick Summary:

When a bar magnet is broken into two pieces, each piece becomes an independent, complete new bar magnet having its own North and South poles. Magnetic monopoles do not exist in nature, so breaking a magnet can never isolate a single magnetic pole.

тЪЩя╕ПTETechnical SolutionConcept & Principle
ЁЯТб Explanation

When a bar magnet is broken into two pieces, each piece becomes an independent, complete new bar magnet having its own North and South poles. Magnetic monopoles do not exist in nature, so breaking a magnet can never isolate a single magnetic pole.

ЁЯФв Key Formulas

тИЗтЛЕB=0\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0тИЗтЛЕB=0 тАФ Gauss's Law for Magnetism (magnetic monopoles do not exist)

╬ж=тИоBтЛЕdA=0\Phi = \oint \mathbf{B} \cdot d\mathbf{A} = 0╬ж=тИоBтЛЕdA=0 тАФ Net magnetic flux through any closed surface is always zero

тЪЩя╕П Working Principle

Magnetism originates from atomic-level magnetic dipoles (unpaired electron spins and domain alignment). Breaking a macroscopic bar magnet merely separates these aligned domains into two smaller groups, each retaining aligned dipoles with an opposite magnetic pole at each fresh boundary.

ЁЯУМ Key Points
  • тЦ╕

    Magnetic poles always exist in equal and opposite pairs (dipoles).

  • тЦ╕

    Isolated magnetic monopoles have never been observed in classical electromagnetic theory.

  • тЦ╕

    The pole strength (mmm) of each broken piece remains the same as the original, but the magnetic length becomes half (Lnew=L/2L_{new} = L/2LnewтАЛ=L/2).

  • тЦ╕

    The new magnetic dipole moment of each broken piece becomes half (Mnew=M/2M_{new} = M/2MnewтАЛ=M/2) when broken transversely.

ЁЯУД Additional Information
  • тЦ╕

    Option A is incorrect because the material retains its domain alignment and intrinsic ferromagnetic magnetization.

  • тЦ╕

    Option B and Option C are incorrect because magnetic monopoles cannot exist isolatedly; a North pole cannot exist without a South pole.

ЁЯУК Diagram / Illustration
Breaking a Bar MagnetNSтЬВ (Break)NSNSTwo new independent magnets are formed (Dipoles retained)
тЬЕ

D is correct тАФ Breaking a magnet creates two separate pieces, each developing its own North and South poles, thus forming two new bar magnets.

Core Concepts Used
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Magnetic Dipole Non-existence of Magnetic Monopoles Ferromagnetic Domains Gauss's Law for Magnetism
ЁЯТб EXAM TIP

Remember that Gauss's law for magnetism, тИЗтЛЕB=0\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0тИЗтЛЕB=0, directly implies that magnetic field lines form continuous closed loops, reinforcing that isolated magnetic poles do not exist in magnetic circuit calculations.

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