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Which blood group is known as the universal donor?
A+
B+
AB+
O-
O-
Blood group O negative is known as the universal donor because its red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens, allowing them to be safely transfused to patients of any blood type without causing immune rejection. Conversely, AB positive is the universal recipient.
Blood group O negative is known as the universal donor because its red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens, allowing them to be safely transfused to patients of any blood type without causing immune rejection. Conversely, AB positive is the universal recipient.
The ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901, and the Rh factor was identified by Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener in 1940, laying the foundational framework for human immunology and transfusion science.
O negative red blood cells lack A, B, and Rhesus (Rh) surface antigens.
Universal donors minimize transfusion reactions in emergency medical settings where immediate blood typing is unavailable.
The presence of antibodies in recipient plasma can react against foreign antigens found on donor red blood cells if mismatched.
Option A (A+) contains A and Rh antigens, restricting its donation pool to A+ and AB+ recipients.
Option B (B+) contains B and Rh antigens, restricting its donation pool to B+ and AB+ recipients.
Option C (AB+) is the universal recipient because its blood plasma lacks both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
Option D is correct тАФ Blood group O negative lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, making it universally safe for red blood cell transfusions.
Make sure to revise the genetic inheritance patterns of blood groups involving codominance and multiple alleles, as they frequently appear alongside human physiology questions in competitive exams.
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