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Which device converts AC to DC?
Inverter
Rectifier
Transformer
Transistor
Rectifier
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. This conversion is essential for powering electronic devices that require a steady, unidirectional voltage source from an AC mains supply.
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. This conversion is essential for powering electronic devices that require a steady, unidirectional voltage source from an AC mains supply.
VdcтАЛ=╧А2VmтАЛтАЛ тАФ Average output voltage for a single-phase full-wave rectifier
RF = \sqrt{\left(\frac{I_{rms}}{I_{dc}\right)^2 - 1}} тАФ Ripple factor measuring the purity of DC output
Rectifiers typically utilize semiconductor diodes, which offer low resistance to current flow in one direction and high resistance in the reverse direction. During the positive half-cycle of an AC waveform, the diode becomes forward-biased and conducts current, whereas during the negative half-cycle, it becomes reverse-biased and blocks current (in half-wave rectification), or redirects it (in full-wave rectification). Smoothing capacitors or filters are subsequently used to reduce voltage ripples and yield a stable DC output.
Diodes are the core components used in rectifiers due to their unidirectional current conduction property.
Half-wave rectifiers utilize a single diode, while full-wave rectifiers use two or four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration.
The output of a basic rectifier contains pulsating DC, which requires filter circuits (like capacitors or inductors) for smoothing.
High efficiency in converting mains AC power to usable DC power
Simple and reliable circuit design using solid-state semiconductor diodes
Produces harmonics and voltage ripples that require filtering
Involves inherent power conversion losses across the diode junctions
DC power supplies for electronic appliances, computers, and mobile chargers
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission systems
Signal demodulation in communication receivers
Option A (Inverter) performs the exact opposite function by converting DC to AC.
Option C (Transformer) steps up or steps down AC voltage levels using electromagnetic induction but does not convert AC to DC.
Option D (Transistor) is a semiconductor device primarily used for amplification or switching applications.
B is correct тАФ A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).
In competitive exams like RRB Technician, remember the functional pairs: Rectifiers convert AC to DC, whereas Inverters convert DC to AC.