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Which disease is characterised by the body's inability to regulate blood sugar levels?
Asthma
Arthritis
Diabetes
Hypertension
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) due to the body's inability to produce sufficient insulin or effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a vital hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas that allows cells to take up glucose from the blood for energy.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) due to the body's inability to produce sufficient insulin or effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a vital hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas that allows cells to take up glucose from the blood for energy.
Think of insulin as a key to a locked warehouse (your cells). If you lose the key (lack of insulin) or the lock is jammed (insulin resistance), the shipment of 'goods' (glucose) stays stuck in the delivery truck (your bloodstream) instead of reaching the warehouse.
The '3 Ps' of Diabetes: Polyuria (frequent urination), Polydipsia (excessive thirst), and Polyphagia (excessive hunger).
C6тАЛH12тАЛO6тАЛ+6O2тАЛтЖТ6CO2тАЛ+6H2тАЛO+Energy тАФ Cellular respiration equation, where insulin facilitates the first step of glucose metabolism.
In a healthy state, insulin acts like a 'key' that unlocks cell membranes to allow glucose uptake. In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system destroys beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency. In Type 2 diabetes, cells become resistant to insulin, preventing effective signaling. Without insulin, blood glucose levels (C6тАЛH12тАЛO6тАЛ) rise, causing the kidneys to excrete excess sugar through urine, often accompanied by polyuria and polydipsia.
Diabetes is caused by dysfunction in the Islets of Langerhans within the pancreas.
Type 1 is an autoimmune condition; Type 2 is primarily linked to lifestyle and genetic factors.
Normal fasting blood glucose levels are typically maintained between 70тИТ100┬аmg/dL.
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a standard diagnostic test measuring average blood sugar over 3 months.
Early diagnosis and lifestyle modification can effectively manage blood glucose levels.
Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases.
Insulin injection therapy for Type 1 patients.
Metformin and other oral hypoglycemic agents for Type 2 patients.
Diabetes insipidus is a different, unrelated condition involving the kidneys and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), characterized by excessive thirst and urination.
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition; Arthritis is an inflammatory joint condition; Hypertension is high blood pressure.
C is correct тАФ Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease resulting in elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin action or secretion.
Always link Diabetes to the 'Pancreas' and 'Insulin' in the endocrine system; questions often swap Diabetes with 'Diabetes Insipidus' to check for your understanding of the hormonal difference (Insulin vs ADH).
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