Which distribution system is energised by two or more generating stations or substations?

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Examoogle · Accepted Answer

Interconnected systems

Explanation: An interconnected distribution system is one where the distribution network is fed by multiple generating stations or substations operating in parallel. This design creates a complex mesh-like architecture that significantly enhances the reliability and stability of the supply.

Working Principle: In an interconnected system, various distribution feeders are joined at multiple points to form a grid. If one generating station or a specific transmission path fails, the load can still be serviced from the remaining interconnected sources, ensuring continuity of service without interruption.

Key Formulas: $V_{drop} = I \cdot R$ — Basic voltage drop calculation in feeders; $I_{total} = I_1 + I_2 + ... + I_n$ — Summation of currents from parallel connected sources

Key Points: Highest level of service reliability among distribution topologies.; Provides maximum flexibility for load management.; Significant reduction in total voltage fluctuation at the consumer end.; Higher complexity in protection coordination (relaying).

Advantages: Increased reliability compared to radial or ring main systems.; Better voltage regulation across the distribution network.; Higher load factor capability due to shared capacity.

Disadvantages: High initial capital investment.; Complicated protection and switchgear requirements.; Requires sophisticated load flow and fault analysis.

Applications: Large urban metropolitan power distribution grids.; Critical industrial zones requiring 99.99% uptime.

Additional Info: Radial systems are the simplest and cheapest but have the lowest reliability.. Ring main systems offer better reliability than radial but are less robust than fully interconnected grids.. The term 'Interconnected' implies a networked topology where multiple paths exist between source and load.

Answer: C is correct — Interconnected systems are specifically designed to be supplied by multiple generating stations or substations to ensure redundancy.

Exam Tip: When comparing distribution designs, remember the mnemonic 'R-R-I': Radial (Simplest), Ring (Improved), Interconnected (Highest Complexity/Reliability).

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