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Which gas is commonly used in the production of ammonia by the Haber process?
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Chlorine
Helium
Nitrogen
The Haber process is the industrial method used to produce ammonia (NH3тАЛ) by reacting atmospheric nitrogen (N2тАЛ) with hydrogen (H2тАЛ) gas. Nitrogen is the fundamental feedstock required for this synthesis, which is essential for manufacturing synthetic fertilizers.
The Haber process is the industrial method used to produce ammonia (NH3тАЛ) by reacting atmospheric nitrogen (N2тАЛ) with hydrogen (H2тАЛ) gas. Nitrogen is the fundamental feedstock required for this synthesis, which is essential for manufacturing synthetic fertilizers.
Think of the Haber process like baking a cake where nitrogen is the flour; without it, you simply cannot make the final product, regardless of how much heat or energy you apply.
N-H-A: Nitrogen + Hydrogen = Ammonia
N2тАЛ+3H2тАЛтЗМ2NH3тАЛ тАФ The Haber-Bosch equation for ammonia synthesis
╬ФH=тИТ92┬аkJ/mol тАФ The enthalpy change of the reaction, indicating it is exothermic
The process involves an exothermic reversible reaction occurring under high pressure (200┬аatm) and moderate temperature (450┬░C) in the presence of an iron catalyst. The reaction is: N2тАЛ(g)+3H2тАЛ(g)тЗМ2NH3тАЛ(g) (╬ФH=тИТ92┬аkJ/mol). According to Le Chatelier's principle, high pressure favors the side with fewer moles of gas, thereby maximizing the yield of ammonia.
The process uses iron as a catalyst to speed up the rate of reaction.
The ratio of Nitrogen to Hydrogen used is typically 1:3 by volume.
The Haber process is crucial for global food security as it produces ammonia for nitrogen-based fertilizers.
High industrial output efficiency
Essential for large-scale agricultural production
Requires high energy input due to extreme pressure and temperature conditions
Dependence on fossil fuels to produce the hydrogen gas
Production of fertilizers like ammonium nitrate and urea
Synthesis of nitric acid and industrial explosives
The pressure used is typically between 150-250 atmospheres.
Option A (Oxygen) is incorrect because it would cause combustion rather than ammonia synthesis.
Option C (Chlorine) is highly reactive and would form different compounds, not ammonia.
Option D (Helium) is an inert noble gas and does not participate in chemical bonding for this synthesis.
B is correct тАФ Nitrogen gas (N2тАЛ) serves as the primary reactant in the Haber process to form ammonia through combination with hydrogen.
Always remember the 1:3 ratio of Nitrogen to Hydrogen in the Haber process, as this is a frequently asked numerical fact in competitive exams.
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