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Which landmark judgment by the Supreme Court of India in recent years emphasized the protection of the 'creamy layer' within the SC/ST reservation categories?
Indra Sawhney Case
E.V. Chinnaiah Case
Jarnail Singh Case
Kesavananda Bharati Case
Jarnail Singh Case
The Jarnail Singh v. Lachhmi Narain Gupta (2018) judgment upheld the applicability of the 'creamy layer' principle to promotions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. It modified the M. Nagaraj (2006) verdict by removing the requirement to collect quantifiable data on 'backwardness' but maintained the necessity for data on the 'inadequacy of representation'.
The Jarnail Singh v. Lachhmi Narain Gupta (2018) judgment upheld the applicability of the 'creamy layer' principle to promotions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. It modified the M. Nagaraj (2006) verdict by removing the requirement to collect quantifiable data on 'backwardness' but maintained the necessity for data on the 'inadequacy of representation'.
Article 16(4) and 16(4A) of the Indian Constitution, which deal with reservation in appointments and promotions for backward classes and SC/ST communities.
The 2018 judgment ruled that the creamy layer concept, initially applied to OBCs in Indra Sawhney, is equally applicable to SC/ST categories.
It clarified that the state is not mandated to collect quantifiable data on the backwardness of SC/STs to grant reservation in promotions.
A five-judge Constitution Bench led by former CJI Dipak Misra delivered this landmark ruling.
The decision affirmed the constitutional validity of reservation in promotions under Article 16(4A).
Indra Sawhney Case (1992): Established the 50 percent reservation cap and the exclusion of the creamy layer for OBCs.
E.V. Chinnaiah Case (2004): Held that states cannot sub-classify SCs/STs to create different quotas within the reserved category.
Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973): Defined the Basic Structure Doctrine of the Indian Constitution.
The creamy layer concept ensures that reservation benefits reach the truly marginalized sections rather than the affluent among the reserved groups.
C is correct тАФ The Jarnail Singh case validated the exclusion of the creamy layer within SC/ST groups for promotional benefits.
Always distinguish between Article 15 (prohibition of discrimination) and Article 16 (equality of opportunity in public employment) when studying reservation cases; they are the most frequently tested articles in Polity.