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Which law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference?
Faraday's Law
Ohm's Law
Coulomb's Law
Ampere's Law
Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law states that the electric current flowing through a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided physical conditions such as temperature remain constant. Mathematically, this relationship is given by V=I├ЧR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
Ohm's Law states that the electric current flowing through a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided physical conditions such as temperature remain constant. Mathematically, this relationship is given by V=I├ЧR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
Think of water flowing through a garden hose: the water pressure represents the voltage, the constriction or narrowness of the hose represents the resistance, and the amount of water coming out per second represents the electric current.
VIR formula triangle: Remember V=I├ЧR as 'Very Interesting Radio'.
V=I├ЧR тАФ Potential difference equals current multiplied by resistance
I=RVтАЛ тАФ Current is voltage divided by resistance
When a potential difference is applied across a conductor, an electric field drives free electrons to drift through the material, creating an electric current. The material's resistance acts against this motion, creating a constant proportional relationship between the driving voltage and the resulting current under steady physical conditions.
Applies strictly to linear or ohmic conductors.
Requires constant physical conditions, especially temperature.
The SI unit of resistance is the Ohm (╬й).
Provides a straightforward way to calculate unknown electrical values in linear circuits.
Fails for non-ohmic devices like semiconductor diodes, transistors, and electrolytes where the relationship between voltage and current is non-linear.
Designing and analyzing simple electronic circuits
Calculating power dissipation and selecting appropriate resistor values
Georg Ohm published this relationship in 1827 in his famous book 'Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet'.
Option A (Faraday's Law) deals with electromagnetic induction. Option C (Coulomb's Law) governs electrostatic forces between charges. Option D (Ampere's Law) relates magnetic fields to electric current.
B is correct тАФ Ohm's law explicitly defines the direct proportionality between current and potential difference in a conductor.
In competitive exams like RRB JE, watch out for questions regarding 'non-ohmic' materials, as Ohm's law only holds true under constant temperature conditions.
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