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Which metal is liquid at room temperature?
Mercury
Bromine
Gallium
Sodium
Mercury
Mercury (Hg) is the only metallic element that exists in a liquid state at standard room temperature (25┬░C). While most metals have high melting points due to strong metallic bonding, mercury exhibits unique relativistic effects that result in weak interatomic attractions.
Mercury (Hg) is the only metallic element that exists in a liquid state at standard room temperature (25┬░C). While most metals have high melting points due to strong metallic bonding, mercury exhibits unique relativistic effects that result in weak interatomic attractions.
Think of mercury like a crowd of people who are too busy looking at their phones to hold hands; because the atoms don't 'hold hands' (bond) tightly, they slip past each other like a liquid instead of locking into a solid crystal.
Hg (Mercury) is 'Heavy and Gushing' (liquid).
TmтАЛ(Hg)тЙИтИТ38.83┬░C тАФ Melting point of mercury
Z=80 тАФ Atomic number of mercury
The liquid state of mercury arises from the relativistic contraction of its 6s orbitals. Because the 6s electrons are held very tightly by the nucleus, they do not participate effectively in metallic bonding, resulting in weak interatomic forces and a melting point of тИТ38.83┬░C, which is well below room temperature.
Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature.
Bromine (Br) is the only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature.
Gallium (Ga) has a melting point of 29.76┬░C, meaning it can melt in the palm of a human hand.
Relativistic effects in heavy elements are responsible for the unique properties of mercury.
High thermal expansion coefficient useful for thermometry
Excellent electrical conductivity for switches
High toxicity due to neurotoxic mercury vapors
Environmental hazard causing bioaccumulation
Traditional glass thermometers
Barometers and manometers
Bromine is a liquid non-metal, not a metal.
Gallium becomes liquid just above room temperature (29.76┬░C).
Sodium is a soft alkali metal that is solid at room temperature.
A is correct тАФ Mercury is the only metallic element that remains in a liquid state under standard conditions of temperature and pressure.
Always distinguish between 'liquid metal' (Mercury) and 'liquid non-metal' (Bromine) to avoid common trap questions in RRB exams.
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