Which of the following are mentioned as common mineral acid that are very corrosive in their concentrated form

Question

Which of the following are mentioned as common mineral acid that are very corrosive in their concentrated form?

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Option C: Sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid. Mineral acids, also known as inorganic acids, are derived from inorganic minerals. Concentrated sulphuric acid ($H_2SO_4$), hydrochloric acid ($HCl$), and nitric acid ($HNO_3$) are classified as highly corrosive because they readily donate protons ($H^+$ ions) and can cause severe chemical burns to human tissue and materials.

Step-by-Step Solution & Concepts:
Mineral acids, also known as inorganic acids, are derived from inorganic minerals. Concentrated sulphuric acid ($H_2SO_4$), hydrochloric acid ($HCl$), and nitric acid ($HNO_3$) are classified as highly corrosive because they readily donate protons ($H^+$ ions) and can cause severe chemical burns to human tissue and materials.

Working Principle: The corrosive nature is primarily due to their strong electrolytic dissociation in water, producing a high concentration of hydronium ions ($H_3O^+$). Concentrated sulphuric acid acts as a powerful dehydrating agent, while concentrated nitric acid is a potent oxidizing agent; both can destroy organic matter by removing water or via exothermic oxidative reactions.

Key Formulas: $H_2SO_4 \rightarrow 2H^+ + SO_4^{2-}$ — Dissociation of sulphuric acid; $HCl \rightarrow H^+ + Cl^-$ — Dissociation of hydrochloric acid; $HNO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + NO_3^-$ — Dissociation of nitric acid

Key Points: Mineral acids are acids prepared from minerals, contrasting with organic acids found in plants or animals.; Concentrated mineral acids are dangerous and should be handled in a laboratory under a fume hood using PPE.; Corrosivity refers to the ability to damage materials or living tissue through direct chemical contact.

Advantages: Essential for industrial chemical synthesis, fertilizers, and metallurgy.

Disadvantages: Extremely hazardous to skin and eyes; cause severe, deep-tissue burns.

Applications: Used in lead-acid storage batteries ($H_2SO_4$).; Used in pickling of metals to remove rust ($HCl$).

Additional Info: Option A (Acetic, Citric, Tartaric) lists common weak organic acids found in vinegar, lemons, and grapes.. Option B (Carbonic, Phosphoric, Boric) includes weak mineral acids that are generally less corrosive than the concentrated mineral trio.

Answer: C is correct — Sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid are the quintessential examples of highly corrosive mineral acids.

Exam Tip: Always remember that organic acids (containing the $-COOH$ group) are generally weaker than mineral acids, which is a common trick in competitive chemistry questions.

Examoogle · Answer

Option A: Acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid

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Option B: Carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid

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Option D: Formic acid, lactic acid, malic acid

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Option E: None of the above

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