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Which of the following articles of the Constitution of India provides for the mechanism and power of Parliament to amend the Constitution?
Article 372
Article 362
Article 356
Article 368
Article 368
Article 368 of the Constitution of India grants the Parliament the power to amend the Constitution and its procedure. It allows for changes, additions, or repeals of any provision in accordance with the specified legal requirements.
Article 368 of the Constitution of India grants the Parliament the power to amend the Constitution and its procedure. It allows for changes, additions, or repeals of any provision in accordance with the specified legal requirements.
Think of the Constitution as the 'source code' of a software; Article 368 provides the 'patch update' mechanism to fix bugs or add new features without crashing the entire system.
3-6-8: 'Amend' = 'A' (3rd letter) - 'M' (13th, but think 6) - '8' (matches the last digit). Or simply: 'Amendment starts with 368'.
Majority=32тАЛ├ЧTotal┬аPresent┬аand┬аVoting тАФ Used in special majority amendments.
The principle follows a hierarchy of legislative difficulty, ranging from a simple majority to a special majority (two-thirds of members present and voting), and in some cases, ratification by half of the State Legislatures. This ensures that the 'basic structure' of the Constitution remains stable while allowing for evolutionary adaptability, similar to how S=тИлFds represents work done to overcome resistance during structural change.
Part XX of the Constitution deals with amendments.
Parliament cannot alter the 'Basic Structure' of the Constitution (Kesavananda Bharati case, 1973).
Article 368 does not explicitly define the limits of the amending power, but judicial review does.
Allows the Constitution to evolve with societal needs.
Prevents the Constitution from becoming obsolete.
Complex procedure for critical amendments.
Potential for political misuse if judicial oversight is absent.
GST Amendment (101st Amendment Act).
Abolition of Privy Purses (26th Amendment Act).
Article 372: Continuance in force of existing laws.
Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States (President's Rule).
Article 362: Dealt with rights of rulers of Indian States (Repealed).
D is correct тАФ Article 368 specifically outlines the process by which the Indian Parliament can exercise its constituent power to modify the supreme law of the land.
Always remember that Article 368 is in Part XX; examiners often confuse it with Article 356 (State Emergency) or Article 360 (Financial Emergency).