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Which of the following Directive Principles was NOT added to the Indian Constitution as part of the 42 nd Amendment Act of 1976?
Article 48A: To protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife
Article 39A: To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor
Article 38: State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities
Article 39: To secure opportunities for healthy development of children
Article 38: State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities
Article 38, which directs the state to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities, was part of the original Constitution enacted in 1950. While the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 added clause (2) to Article 38, the core provision existed since inception and was not introduced by the 42nd Amendment of 1976.
Article 38, which directs the state to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities, was part of the original Constitution enacted in 1950. While the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 added clause (2) to Article 38, the core provision existed since inception and was not introduced by the 42nd Amendment of 1976.
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 is often called the 'Mini-Constitution' of India for its vast range of changes to the Preamble, Fundamental Duties, and Directive Principles.
The 42nd Amendment added four new Directive Principles: Article 39(f), 39A, 43A, and 48A.
Article 39(f) was modified/inserted to ensure children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner.
Article 39A was added to promote equal justice and provide free legal aid to the poor.
Article 48A was added to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife.
Article 38(1) originally aimed to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people.
Article 38(2) was inserted by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978, which explicitly mandates minimizing inequalities in income, status, and opportunities.
Options A, B, and D were all specifically introduced or significantly modified by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976.
The 42nd Amendment remains the most comprehensive amendment in Indian constitutional history, enacted during the internal emergency.
C is correct тАФ Article 38 was already a part of the original Constitution, whereas Article 39(f), 39A, 43A, and 48A were inserted via the 42nd Amendment.
When studying amendments, differentiate between those that added new articles (like the 42nd) and those that modified existing ones (like the 44th), as this is a frequent trap in UPSC and SSC exams.