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Which of the following is a molecule formed by two atoms of the same element?
H ₂
H ₂ O
CO
O ₃
H ₂
A molecule formed by two atoms of the same element is called a homoatomic diatomic molecule. In the option H2, two hydrogen atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration, making it a diatomic molecule of the same element.
A molecule formed by two atoms of the same element is called a homoatomic diatomic molecule. In the option H2, two hydrogen atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration, making it a diatomic molecule of the same element.
Think of it like two friends sharing a single umbrella during rain; neither has an umbrella alone, but by holding it together, they both stay dry.
HOFBrINCl (pronounced 'Hoff-brinkle') — the mnemonic for elements that naturally exist as diatomic molecules: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, and Chlorine.
H+H→H2 — Formation of a diatomic hydrogen molecule from two hydrogen atoms.
BE — Bond Energy, the energy required to break the covalent bond between atoms.
This occurs due to covalent bonding where atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells. In H2, each Hydrogen atom has one electron in its 1s orbital; by sharing these electrons, they both achieve the stable electron configuration of Helium (1s2). The bond is formed to minimize the potential energy of the system.
Diatomic molecules are formed when two atoms of the same or different elements are chemically bonded.
Homoatomic molecules contain only one type of element.
Heteroatomic molecules consist of two or more different elements.
Stability: Molecules are generally more chemically stable than individual atoms of the same element.
Used in fuel cells for green energy production.
Used in hydrogenation processes in the food and chemical industries.
Option B (H2O) is a triatomic molecule containing two different elements (H and O).
Option C (CO) is a diatomic molecule, but it consists of two different elements (Carbon and Oxygen).
Option D (O3) is a triatomic molecule known as Ozone, containing three atoms of the same element.
A is correct — H2 is a homonuclear diatomic molecule consisting of two identical hydrogen atoms covalently bonded.
Always check the prefix; 'di-' means two and 'homo-' means same. Many competitive exams specifically test the HOFBrINCl list, so memorizing those seven elements is a high-yield strategy.
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